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The library's list of references

Sources

457 references, each printed once and numbered S.1 to S.457, under the document that cites it first. Each volume lists its own sources in short, with these numbers. The full entry is here: where the library uses it, and its web address. Download the PDF (version 1.9.3, 1 November 2026).

S.1–S.242 First cited in the Plan

  1. S.1 UNESCO. Hawker culture in Singapore: inscription on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (December 2020)

    otherNo URL; supplied as a document

    §1.1 dates the inscription to December 2020.

    Used at §1.1

  2. S.2 Parliament of Singapore (ministry not named). Parliamentary reply: HDP outcomes (566 trained, 120 through apprenticeship) (July 2024)

    parliamentary-replyNo URL; supplied as a document

    Paper: '566 trained / 120 through apprenticeship per Jul 2024 reply'. May be the same document as mse-hawker-programmes-median-age; not confirmed.

    Used at §1.1, §1.2, §3.4; the Record, A.2.1; the Budget Book, B.16

  3. S.3 Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth. Written reply to PQ 3030: safeguarding and transmission of traditional hawker trades (7 October 2026)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    The Government does not maintain a list of hawker trades or culinary practices at risk of disappearing.

    Used at §1.1, §3.6; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.5

  4. S.5 National Environment Agency. Workgroup on Sustaining the Hawker Trade Report (24 November 2020)

    report

    §3.1 (p. 12) cites NEA's 2019 Perception Survey of Hawker Centre Patrons: "87.3% of the respondents would not want to be a hawker". §3.4 (p. 13): margins per dish "generally $0.20 to $0.30".

    Used at §1.1

  5. S.6 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Response to Motion on Hawker Culture — Dr Koh Poh Koon (13 November 2024)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Para 25: typical hawker income "corresponds to around the second lowest income decile (i.e., the lowest 20%) in 2022". Para 26: median hawker age 60. Also the Government's answer to the ballot and fixed-rent proposals made in the debate, Hazel Poa's suggestion of centralised procurement, and Edward Chia's amendment (the Record, A.7, §2.2).

    Used at §1.1, §2.2; the Record, A.7; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.5; Follow the Plate, D.14; the Technical Paper, G.8

  6. S.7 SG Parliament (unofficial reproduction of the Official Report). Official Report, 19 Nov 2018, Vol 94, No 85, Oral Answers to Questions: "Different models for hawker centre management" (pp. 13–35); MOM written answer to PQ 86 (pp. 171–172); repairs and redecoration (pp. 197–198) (19 November 2018)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at §1.1, §1.2, §2.2, §2.9, §3.8; the Record, A.2.1; the Budget Book, B.14; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.2, C.5, C.7, C.10; Follow the Plate, D.14

  7. S.8 Hawker Centre 3.0 Committee (chaired by Dr Amy Khor). Hawker Centre 3.0 Committee Report (submitted to MEWR, 3 Feb 2017) (3 February 2017)

    reportAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26No URL; supplied as a document

    Pages cited: 9, 14, 20, 22, 30, 38, 41 and Annex A (p. 9: the 2012 Panel's report submitted to MEWR in April 2012). No official URL found.

    Used at §1.1, §1.2, §2.2, §2.6, §2.11.1, §2.12, §3.3, §3.6; the Record, A.2.1, A.7; the Budget Book, B.15; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.5, C.9.1; Follow the Plate, D.14, D.16, D.18

  8. S.9 Parliament of Singapore. Official Report, 12 Mar 2013, Vol 90, Issue 13, Committee of Supply, Head L (MEWR): Balakrishnan, Fu, Yee Jenn Jong (12 March 2013)

    parliamentary-reply

    53% on subsidised rent; 55% let below the old reserve rents; "the key principle is personal operation of the stall"; about 2,000 hawkers at 15 centres and the options at lease expiry.

    Used at §1.1, §1.2, §2.1, §4.3; the Record, A.2.1; Succession Economics, E.4

  9. S.10 National Heritage Board and MCCY. Media release on the UNESCO Evaluation Body's report, Annex E (median age of new entrants since 2013: 46) (17 November 2020)

    press-releaseAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at §1.1; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.5

  10. S.11 Singapore (prepared by NHB; approved by the Singapore National Commission for UNESCO). Periodic report on the implementation of the 2003 Convention, cycle 2020–2024 (signed 11 Dec 2024) (11 December 2024)

    reportAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at §1.1, §3.2, §3.6; the Record, A.1.2; the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection

  11. S.12 Ministry of Manpower. Strengthening Protections for Platform Workers (report of the Advisory Committee on Platform Workers) (17 November 2022)

    reportAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Fig. 1.1 (MOM CLFS 2021): hawker/stall holders about $1,470 a month, read from the chart.

    Used at §1.1, §2.11.1; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.1, C.2, C.4, C.5, C.6, C.9.1

  12. S.13 National Environment Agency. Hawkers' Development Programme (2020) (2020)

    otherNo URL; supplied as a document

    Scheme reference. Status and outcomes come from the parliamentary replies listed separately (Nov 2025; Jul 2024).

    Used at §1.2, §1.3, §3.3, §3.4; the Record, A.1.1, A.2.1; the Budget Book, B.15, B.16

  13. S.14 Parliament of Singapore (ministry not named). Parliamentary reply: Hawkers' Development Programme under review (November 2025)

    parliamentary-replyNo URL; supplied as a document

    Paper: 'under review per Nov 2025 parliamentary reply'.

    Used at §1.2, §1.3; the Record, A.1.1, A.2.1

  14. S.15 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Written reply to parliamentary question on hawker stall subletting and Hawker Succession Scheme (22 September 2025)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Listed as 'MSE written reply of 22 Sep 2025' (paper), 'MSE — Subletting and succession' (A) and 'MSE — Subletting and the Hawkers' Succession Scheme (22 Sep 2025)' (B). The paper's separate 'Sep 2025 reply' on ~230 termination notices is treated as this document because Hawkers and Social Protection cites this URL for the same figure; not independently confirmed.

    Used at §1.2, §1.3, §2.3, §2.7, §7.1; the Record, A.1.1, A.2.1; the Budget Book, B.1, B.9.6; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.2, C.5; the sources of Follow the Plate; Succession Economics, E.3; the Technical Paper, G.8

  15. S.16 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. MSE parliamentary replies on SEHC contract practices, budget meals, and hawker stall rental (2024–2026)

    parliamentary-replyNo URL; supplied as a document

    Grouped citation spanning 2024–2026.

    Used at §1.2, §1.3, §2.5; the Record, A.1.1, A.2.1; Follow the Plate, D.15

  16. S.17 SG Parliament (unofficial reproduction of the Official Report). Official Report, Committee of Supply, MEWR, 6 Mar 2012: the Hawker Centres Public Consultation Panel's proposal (6 March 2012)

    parliamentary-reply

    Unofficial mirror. Grace Fu: "the Panel proposed that a social enterprise or co-operative manage the new hawker centres".

    Used at §1.2; the Record, A.2.1

  17. S.18 Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources. Recommendation Report of the Hawker Centres Public Consultation Panel (chaired by Elim Chew; 18 members) (April 2012)

    report

    The report carries no date. Formed in November 2011; seven formal meetings, 17 Nov 2011 to 27 Mar 2012 (¶5, ¶7). Submitted to MEWR in April 2012 (Hawker Centre 3.0 Committee report, Feb 2017, p. 9; The Straits Times, 11 May 2012). The CNA/TODAY Big Read's 'February 2012' is the earlier sharing of its recommendations, on record by 6 Mar 2012. ¶2 dates the end of resettlement (1985).

    Used at §1.2, §2.2, §2.12; the Record, A.2.1, A.7; Follow the Plate, D.14, D.16

  18. S.19 The Straits Times. Most of hawker panel's ideas accepted (Feng Zengkun): the Government accepted most of the Panel's recommendations on 10 May 2012 (11 May 2012)

    newsNo URL; supplied as a document

    As reported: read as reproduced on a blog (ifonlysingaporeans.blogspot.com, 12 May 2012), not checked against the ST archive. MEWR's statement of 10 May 2012 was not found on mse.gov.sg.

    Used at §1.2; the Record, A.2.1

  19. S.20 Parliament of Singapore. Official Report, Committee of Supply, MEWR, 8 Mar 2017: all Hawker Centre 3.0 recommendations accepted (8 March 2017)

    parliamentary-reply

    Read through SG Parliament, an unofficial reproduction.

    Used at §1.2; the Record, A.2.1

  20. S.21 CNA/TODAY. The Big Read: Grumbling and rumbling at social enterprise hawker centres – what's the rub? (20 October 2018)

    news

    Used at §1.2, §2.5; the Record, A.2.1; Follow the Plate, D.15

  21. S.22 National Environment Agency. Management model for new hawker centres is at its early stage and needs time to evolve (readers' letter) (22 October 2018)

    other

    Used at §1.2; the Record, A.2.1

  22. S.23 Malay Mail. Getting Singapore's hawker culture on Unesco's list: committee set up to prepare the nomination (23 October 2018)

    news

    Co-chairs: the CEOs of NHB and NEA and the President of FMAS.

    Used at §1.2, §3.8; the Record, A.1.2, A.2.1; the Budget Book, B.14

  23. S.24 National Environment Agency. Incubation Stall Programme (15-month subsidised, pre-fitted stalls)

    otherNo URL; supplied as a document

    Used at §1.3, §3.4; the Record, A.1.1; the Budget Book, B.16

  24. S.25 National Environment Agency. Hawkers' Productivity Grant (80% co-funding capped $7,000; ~1,150 beneficiaries; applications closed 31 Mar 2026) (31 March 2026)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26No URL; supplied as a document

    Date is the application closing date.

    Used at §1.3, §2.9; the Record, A.1.1; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.7, C.10

  25. S.26 National Environment Agency. Productive Hawker Centres: centralised dishwashing

    otherNo URL; supplied as a document

    Used at §1.3, §2.6; the Record, A.1.1; Follow the Plate, D.18

  26. S.27 Parliament of Singapore (ministry not named). Parliamentary replies on the tender regime (reserve rent removed 2012; five highest bids published; Nov 2024 staggered renewal adjustment; median AMR ≈$1,200; ~1 in 5 stalls ≤$500)

    parliamentary-replyNo URL; supplied as a document

    Grouped citation; individual replies not identified.

    Used at §1.3, §2.2; the Record, A.1.1; Follow the Plate, D.14

  27. S.28 Parliament of Singapore (ministry not named). Parliamentary reply on personal-operation and registered-assistant rules (March 2025)

    parliamentary-replyNo URL; supplied as a document

    Used at §1.3, §2.7; the Record, A.1.1

  28. S.29 Housing & Development Board. Enhanced support for HDB coffee shops (10 January 2026)

    press-releaseAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Voluntary budget meals, pass-through rent discount with clawback, six-year rent hold on new tenders, stall-rent data collection.

    Used at §1.3, §2.4, §2.5, §7.7; the Record, A.1.1; the Budget Book, B.7; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.7, C.12; Follow the Plate, D.15

  29. S.30 Community Development Councils. CDC Vouchers Scheme (Jan 2026 $300 and Jun 2026 $500 household tranches; 24,000+ participating hawkers and heartland merchants) (2026)

    otherNo URL; supplied as a document

    Generic scheme citation in the paper; Follow the Plate separately cites the June 2026 media release.

    Used at §1.3, §2.5, §7.7; the Record, A.1.1; the Budget Book, B.7; Follow the Plate, D.15

  30. S.31 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Parliamentary reply: subsidised-stall share and rents (2023)

    parliamentary-replyNo URL; supplied as a document

    Used at §2.1

  31. S.32 Ministry of Manpower. Are hawkers and food stall holders expected to comply with Food Services PWM wage and training? (14 March 2024)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Listed as 'MOM — Foreign workers at stalls' (A) and 'MOM — PWM and individually run stalls' (B). The paper's 'MOM on foreign workers at hawker and coffeeshop stalls' is assumed to be this page, since Hawkers and Social Protection uses it for the same point; not confirmed.

    Used at §2.1, §7.9; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.7; Follow the Plate, D.4; Method, Levers and Data, F.9

  32. S.33 Dollars & Sense. 2025 hawker stall rentals (2025)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Paper cites 'coffeeshop stall asking rents (Stall.sg via DollarsAndSense)'; matched to Follow the Plate's Dollars & Sense link by publisher and topic, not confirmed.

    Used at §2.1; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.7; Follow the Plate, D.3

  33. S.34 EdgeProp. Rare HDB coffeeshop at Keat Hong Shopping Centre for sale (November 2025)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    The paper cites 'coffeeshop transactions (EdgeProp, Mothership, 2022–2025)' generically; Follow the Plate names this article.

    Used at §2.1; the sources of Follow the Plate, under “Rents and landlords”

  34. S.35 Mothership. Tampines coffeeshop sale and rents (June 2022)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    The paper cites 'coffeeshop transactions (EdgeProp, Mothership, 2022–2025)' generically; Follow the Plate names this article.

    Used at §2.1; the sources of Follow the Plate, under “Rents and landlords”

  35. S.36 National Environment Agency (hosted by WIEGO). Singapore Rental Policy for Stalls in Hawker Centres and Wet Markets (NEA rental policy summary, via WIEGO) (September 2019)

    reportAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Date is the upload folder in the URL. Paper cites it for the 1994–97 Stall Ownership Scheme.

    Used at §2.1; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.2; the Technical Paper, G.8

  36. S.37 CNA. Minister's statement in Parliament on the Stall Ownership Scheme outcome at expiry (reported by CNA) (12 March 2013)

    newsNo URL; supplied as a document

    Used at §2.1

  37. S.38 National Environment Agency. Application form: assignment of stall tenancy (assessed market rent staggered over 3 years) (11 December 2020)

    other

    Form ref. HCG/Rel: 11 Dec 2020. Under 'Enhanced Assignment of Stall': the assignee is charged market rent as assessed by the professional valuer, and "the rental increase shall be staggered over 3 years". It does not mention the HSS.

    Used at §2.1, §2.3; Succession Economics, E.3

  38. S.39 Progress Singapore Party. Opening Speech: Hawker Culture Motion by Leong Mun Wai (13 November 2024)

    other

    The mover's own speech, as his party published it; cited only for his own words: stalls "allocated by a random ballot within each food category"; a base rent of "$500 or 3% of Gross Turnover, whichever is higher"; "a sixth category, namely heritage foods".

    Used at §2.2; the Record, A.7; Follow the Plate, D.14

  39. S.40 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Oral reply to PQs on hawker stall rental (14 October 2024)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Questions by Melvin Yong, including "whether a ballot model at a fixed rental rate targeted at cost-recovery have been considered"; the answer: lower first-term rents "would not be attainable under a model where stalls are allocated at fixed rental rates".

    Used at §2.2; the Record, A.7; Follow the Plate, D.5.4, D.14; the Technical Paper, G.8

  40. S.41 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Written reply to parliamentary question on mitigating redundancies from tray return (14 September 2021)

    parliamentary-reply

    Tray return required from 1 Jun 2021, enforcement from 1 Sep 2021; cleaners still wipe tables and staff tray-return points.

    Used at §2.2; Follow the Plate, D.14

  41. S.42 National Environment Agency. List of hawker centres (17 August 2026) (17 August 2026)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    123 centres: 27 NEA-managed (Bukit Timah Market closed for redevelopment, so 26 open), 80 Town Council-managed and 16 run by NEA-appointed operators. Names the managing body of each: Chinatown Complex (Jalan Besar TC), Tekka Market (Tanjong Pagar TC), Blk 51 Old Airport Road (Marine Parade–Braddell Heights TC), Geylang Serai Market and Maxwell Food Centre (NEA).

    Used at §2.2, §6.3; the Record, A.1.2; Follow the Plate, D.5.4, D.14

  42. S.43 National Environment Agency. December 2022 tender notice (December 2022)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Note 1(d): "For HDB hawker centres, the table-cleaning service is managed by the respective Hawkers Association" on behalf of the stallholders, and the charges "depend on the table cleaning contract". Fees with GST at four NEA-managed centres: Amoy Street $430.14, Berseh $470.80, Chomp Chomp $385.20, Commonwealth Crescent $566.03.

    Used at §2.2, §6.3; Follow the Plate, D.2.2, D.5.4, D.14; the Technical Paper, G.8

  43. S.44 National Environment Agency. August 2024 tender notice (August 2024)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    The same Note 1(d); the same four centres' fees, unchanged before GST (with 9% GST: $438.18, $479.60, $392.40, $576.61).

    Used at §2.2, §6.3; Follow the Plate, D.2.2, D.5.4, D.14; the Technical Paper, G.8

  44. S.45 SG Parliament (unofficial reproduction of the Official Report). Official Report, Hawker Culture (motion), 13 Nov 2024: speeches of Leong Mun Wai, Hazel Poa and Louis Chua (13 November 2024)

    parliamentary-reply

    Read through an unofficial mirror; debates 27944–27948 carry the 13 Nov 2024 debate. Beside the party pages, whose words match it with small differences.

    Used at §2.2; the Record, A.7; Follow the Plate, D.14

  45. S.46 SG Parliament (unofficial reproduction of the Official Report). Official Report, Hawker Culture (motion), 13 Nov 2024: Dr Koh Poh Koon's reply and the question put (13 November 2024)

    parliamentary-reply

    Unofficial mirror. Includes "In fact, we already have a similar academy in place" (the Asian Culinary Institute).

    Used at §2.2; the Record, A.7; Follow the Plate, D.14

  46. S.47 SG Parliament (unofficial reproduction of the Official Report). Clarification by the Senior Minister of State for Sustainability and the Environment (correction by written statement), 13 Nov 2024 (13 November 2024)

    parliamentary-reply

    Unofficial mirror. The corrected text: "only 4% of rent today are above their Assessed Market Rent which has a median of around $1,250": each stall against its own AMR.

    Used at §2.2; the Record, A.7; Follow the Plate, D.14

  47. S.48 SG Parliament (unofficial reproduction of the Official Report). Official Report, 4 Aug 2026: HDB eating-house tenders awarded to bidders other than the highest (4 August 2026)

    parliamentary-reply

    Unofficial mirror. 40 of 65 tenders under the price-quality method since 2018 went to someone other than the highest bidder, at about $38/m² a month less (MND).

    Used at §2.2; the Record, A.7; Follow the Plate, D.14

  48. S.49 The Online Citizen. KF Seetoh rejects hawker heritage rationale, says rental figures omit what stallholders pay (15 September 2026)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at §2.2, §2.10; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.2; Follow the Plate, D.14; Method, Levers and Data, F.6

  49. S.50 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Parliamentary reply: stall vacancy rates of 2–4% a year (August 2022)

    parliamentary-replyNo URL; supplied as a document

    Used at §2.3; Succession Economics, E.3

  50. S.51 National Environment Agency. New measures to deter high bids for hawker stalls (4 November 2024)

    press-releaseAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Median rent for non-subsidised cooked-food stalls about $1,250, stable for about ten years.

    Used at §2.3; the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection; Succession Economics, E.3; the Technical Paper, G.8

  51. S.52 National Environment Agency. Application form: transfer of stall tenancy (to family member), ref. HCD/Rel: 28 Aug 2018 (28 August 2018)

    other

    An eligible immediate family member keeps the subsidised rent; any other transferee pays market rent assessed by a professional valuer, phased in over three years where the transferor pays subsidised rent.

    Used at §2.3; Succession Economics, E.3

  52. S.53 National Environment Agency. Hawkers' Succession Scheme FAQs ("The successor will pay assessed market rent") (14 March 2022)

    otherNo URL; supplied as a document

    Used at §2.3; Succession Economics, E.3

  53. S.54 Legislative Council Research Office, Hong Kong. Fact sheet FS10/13-14 on hawker policy in Singapore (26 May 2014)

    reportNo URL; supplied as a document

    Used at §2.3; Succession Economics, E.3

  54. S.55 BudgetMealGoWhere portal

    otherNo URL; supplied as a document

    Used at §2.5; Follow the Plate, D.15

  55. S.56 SG Parliament (unofficial reproduction of the Official Report). Official Report, 7 Oct 2026: defining affordable hawker food (Victor Lye; reply Grace Fu) (7 October 2026)

    parliamentary-reply

    Unofficial mirror. No single affordability threshold; access to a range of options.

    Used at §2.5; Follow the Plate, D.15

  56. S.57 National Heritage Board. Annual Report 2024/25 (2025)

    reportNo URL; supplied as a document

    Heritage Grants more than $16.6M to more than 580 recipients; Stewards of ICH 2024; Heritage Apprenticeship pilot; Organisation Transformation Grant. No URL recorded.

    Used at §2.6, §4.2; the Record, A.1.2; the Budget Book, B.13; Follow the Plate, D.18

  57. S.58 International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs vol. 95: Household Use of Solid Fuels and High-temperature Frying (2010)

    reportAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at §2.9; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.5, C.10

  58. S.59 See, S. W., Karthikeyan, S. and Balasubramanian, R.. Health risk assessment of occupational exposure to particulate-phase PAHs from cooking (J Environ Monit 8:369–376) (2006)

    academicAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at §2.9; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.5, C.10

  59. S.60 Ministry of Trade and Industry. Examining the cost drivers of hawker food prices (Economic Survey feature article, 1Q 2015) (2015)

    reportAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    1% raw-material cost rise goes with a 0.56% price rise; 1% rent with 0.03% (NEA centres, 2012–14). URL as sources/README.md lists it (MTI's old address no longer opens). NEA cost surveys of 2012–13 (about 1,000 stalls at 104 centres) and a stall-level panel, July 2012 to April 2014: rent about $1,250 non-subsidised and $200 subsidised; about 65% of stalls that raised prices had no rent change; one more similar stall, prices about 8.4% lower.

    Used at §2.10; Follow the Plate, D.5.1, D.5.4; Method, Levers and Data, F.2, F.6

  60. S.61 Institute of Policy Studies (Teo Kay Key, Hanniel Lim, Mindy Chong). The Cost of Eating Out: Findings from the Makan Index 2.0, IPS Exchange Series No. 24 (March 2023)

    academicAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Prices of late 2022, published 2023: 18 items at 829 establishments in 26 neighbourhoods (fieldwork September–November 2022; 263 stalls revisited in January–February 2023); three meals $16.89 a day. Table 3.1 gives average prices by type of establishment (food courts about a quarter to a third dearer than hawker centres for the same dish); menu prices, not adjusted for portion. The report does not refer to the 2017 edition. Local copy listed in sources/README.md.

    Used at §2.10; the Record, A.1.2; Follow the Plate, D.5.3, D.5.4; Method, Levers and Data, F.6

  61. S.62 SG Parliament (unofficial reproduction of the Official Report). Official Report, 7 Oct 2026: price tracking of common cooked meals across outlet types (Victor Lye; reply Dr Tan See Leng) (7 October 2026)

    parliamentary-reply

    Unofficial mirror. "Comparative data on the prices of these cooked food items across types of food establishments are not available".

    Used at §2.10; Method, Levers and Data, F.6

  62. S.63 National Environment Agency. Terms and conditions of tender for NEA-managed hawker centres

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Source of the clause numbers cited in Hawkers and Social Protection, C.2 (cl.19, 22, 30, 35, 36, 37).

    Used at §2.11.1; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.2, C.9.1

  63. S.64 CPF Board. Will self-employed persons who provide services to the private sector be mandated to participate in Contribute-as-you-Earn (CAYE)?

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    CPF Board states there are currently no plans to extend CAYE to the private sector.

    Used at §2.11.1; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.4, C.9.1

  64. S.65 Ministry of Manpower. Platform work associations

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at §2.11.1; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.4, C.9.1

  65. S.66 CPF Board. Matched Retirement Savings Scheme: what you need to know

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at §2.11.1; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.6, C.9.1

  66. S.67 National Environment Agency. Support for stallholders (rent support) (July 2026)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Rent support of $200 a month for six months (Sep 2026–Feb 2027), announced July 2026. Not the source of the ~6,900 cooked-food stalls count, which is our own estimate (Follow the Plate, D.3); NEA gives about 15,000 stalls, cooked food and market together.

    Used at §2.11.1; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.3, C.7, C.9.1; Follow the Plate, D.2.2; the Technical Paper, G.8

  67. S.68 SG Parliament (unofficial reproduction of the Official Report). Official Report, Committee of Supply 2022, MSE, 7 Mar 2022: Joan Pereira on leave and insurance for hawkers; Dr Amy Khor's reply (7 March 2022)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Unofficial mirror. Hawkers "are covered by Medishield Life and can also top up their medical insurance individually". No party has asked Parliament for CPF or injury cover for hawkers, in the record read.

    Used at §2.11.1; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.9.1

  68. S.69 Ministry of Manpower. Work injury compensation: types of compensation (accidents from 1 Nov 2025)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at §2.11.1; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.4, C.9.1

  69. S.70 PERKESO (Malaysia). Self-Employment Social Security Scheme

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at §2.11.1; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.9.1

  70. S.71 RTM (Berita). Licensed hawkers and traders must contribute to PERKESO from 1 Jan 2025 (2 October 2024)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at §2.11.1; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.9.1

  71. S.72 Malay Mail. PERKESO and Penang City Council to sign MoU to close protection gap among the self-employed (38,358 hawkers contributing) (9 February 2026)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at §2.11.1; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.9.1

  72. S.73 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Written reply to PQ on bulk purchase by hawkers (10 January 2024)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at §2.12; the Record, A.1.2, A.7; Follow the Plate, D.5.2, D.16

  73. S.74 Progress Singapore Party. Speech on Hawker Culture Motion by Hazel Poa (13 November 2024)

    other

    The speaker's own speech, as her party published it; cited only for her own words: a centralised procurement system in which a new agency contracts with wholesalers, optional for hawkers; designated suppliers of gas and crockery at some SEHCs.

    Used at §2.12; the Record, A.7; Follow the Plate, D.16

  74. S.75 Energy Market Authority. Open Electricity Market media release (2017)

    press-release

    Retail competition in electricity; the date is the release year.

    Used at §2.12; Follow the Plate, D.16

  75. S.76 Teo, P., Guan, E. and Dashow, J.. Not for Sale: Singapore's Remaining Heritage Street Food Vendors (2013)

    otherNo URL; supplied as a document

    Used at §3.2

  76. S.77 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Written reply to PQ on the Incubation Stall Programme (34 enrolled, 8 operating) (10 May 2021)

    parliamentary-reply

    Used at §3.4, §3.5; the Budget Book, B.16; Method, Levers and Data, F.7

  77. S.78 National Heritage Board (Roots.sg). Inventory of intangible cultural heritage: Hawker Culture (ICH-050, updated March 2019) (March 2019)

    otherNo URL; supplied as a document

    Used at §3.6; the Record, A.1.2

  78. S.79 Ministry of Finance. Budget 2025 Expenditure Estimates: MSE (Head L) key performance indicators (2025)

    statistics

    Used at §3.8; the Budget Book, B.14

  79. S.80 Singapore Hawkers' Celebration and Awards

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26No URL; supplied as a document

    Used at §4.2, §6.6; the Budget Book, B.13; Follow the Plate, D.8

  80. S.81 Chua, N. (Institute of Policy Studies). When hawker brands expand: impact and implications of commodification (IPS News Fellowship paper) (June 2024)

    academicAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26No URL; supplied as a document

    Used at §4.3, §4.4, §7.9; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.7; Succession Economics, E.4, E.5; Method, Levers and Data, F.9

  81. S.82 UNESCO. Decision 15.COM 8.B.6: Hawker culture in Singapore (inscription; the warning on "excessive and uncontrolled marketing") (December 2020)

    other

    Used at §5.5, §7.6; the Budget Book, B.6

  82. S.83 National Environment Agency. Hawker Management

    other

    NEA manages the 123 markets and hawker centres and regulates their tenancies.

    Used at §6.3

  83. S.84 National Environment Agency and National Heritage Board. Heritage of Our Hawker Centres

    other

    Heritage boards at twelve centres, among them Chinatown Complex, Tekka, Geylang Serai, Blk 51 Old Airport Road and Maxwell.

    Used at §6.3

  84. S.85 data.gov.sg (NEA). List of Government Markets and Hawker Centres

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Recorded cooked-food stall counts: Tekka (Blk 665 Buffalo Road) 119, Geylang Serai Market 63; Chinatown Complex 226 as reported from the same dataset. Capacity, not stalls open.

    Used at §6.3, §7.1; the Budget Book, B.1, B.9.6; the sources of Follow the Plate

  85. S.86 MICHELIN Guide. Hawker Guides: Chinatown Complex Market & Food Centre and Maxwell Food Centre (26 September 2024)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Ann Chin Handmade Popiah, founded in the 1940s; Lian He Ben Ji Claypot, established 1979, now run by the second generation. First written January 2021, updated September 2024.

    Used at §6.3, §7.1; the Budget Book, B.1, B.9.6; the sources of Follow the Plate

  86. S.87 Eatbook. Pan Ji Cooked Food: Last Hawker In Singapore Selling Handmade Sachima And Old School Snacks (17 August 2021)

    news

    Chinatown Complex #02-78, since 1983. The 'last hawker' claim is the headline's, so the paper says 'reported as'.

    Used at §6.3

  87. S.88 CNA (as syndicated by Tiger Brokers). Chinatown Complex to close for three months in 2026 for major renovation works (26 March 2025)

    news

    Works planned to start in March 2026 under an enhanced repairs and redecoration programme, per the Chinatown Complex Hawker Association; a task force with NEA, HDB and Jalan Besar Town Council. Completion not confirmed: NEA's R&R list (Oct 2026) does not show it.

    Used at §6.3

  88. S.89 MICHELIN Guide. Hawker Guides: Tekka Centre, Singapore (13 June 2024)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    A multi-ethnic mix (North Indian and Pakistani at Delhi Lahori, Teochew braising at Heng Gi); Allauddin's Briyani, established 1968, MICHELIN Guide Selected 2023.

    Used at §6.3, §7.1; the Budget Book, B.1, B.9.6; the sources of Follow the Plate

  89. S.90 National Heritage Board (Roots). Geylang Serai Market & Food Centre (15 October 2020)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    The Eating House 'considered the place where Singapore's largest variety of Muslim food could be found'. Page last updated 15 Oct 2020.

    Used at §6.3, §7.1; the Budget Book, B.1, B.9.6; the sources of Follow the Plate

  90. S.91 Mothership. Young hawker behind 4-generation family stall in Geylang Serai wins Hawker Heritage Award (12 January 2021)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Founded 1963; the fourth generation now in the business; Hawker Heritage Award presented on 11 Jan 2021.

    Used at §6.3, §7.1; the Budget Book, B.1, B.9.6; the sources of Follow the Plate

  91. S.92 Eatbook. 30 Old Airport Road Food Centre Stalls For Famous Hokkien Mee, Jjajangmyeon And More (30 September 2024)

    news

    Established 1973, 168 stalls; Nam Sing Hokkien Mee described in its linked review as around since 1963.

    Used at §6.3

  92. S.93 Must Share News. Maxwell's China Street Fritters Closing Down After 81 Years, Hawkers Couldn't Find Successors (24 May 2023)

    news

    Began as a street stall in 1942, at Maxwell since 1987; last day 2 July 2023, with no successor found.

    Used at §6.3

  93. S.94 The Ranting Panda. Food Scoops: The Complete List to MICHELIN Guide Singapore 2026 (4 August 2026)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Tier 1 of the heritage-worthy proxy: MICHELIN-listed stalls at the pilot centres, counted 28 Oct 2026.

    Used at §7.1; the Budget Book, B.1, B.9.6; the sources of Follow the Plate

  94. S.95 Eatbook. Maxwell Food Centre guide

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Tier 2 of the heritage-worthy proxy at Maxwell: stalls of 30 years or more, or second generation.

    Used at §7.1; the Budget Book, B.1, B.9.6; the sources of Follow the Plate

  95. S.96 Seth Lui. Old Airport Road Food Centre guide

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Tier 2 of the heritage-worthy proxy at Old Airport Road.

    Used at §7.1; the Budget Book, B.1, B.9.6; the sources of Follow the Plate

  96. S.97 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Speech by Senior Minister of State Dr Amy Khor at Committee of Supply 2021 (4 March 2021)

    parliamentary-reply

    More than $50M in waivers and subsidies to more than 13,000 hawkers in 2020; the hardship scheme ended in 1990.

    Used at §7.7; the Record, A.7; the Budget Book, B.7

  97. S.98 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Written reply to PQ on foreign workers to assist elderly hawkers (21 April 2023)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Grace Fu to Dr Tan Yia Swam: only citizens and PRs "are allowed to operate and work in hawker centres managed by the National Environment Agency (NEA) or NEA-appointed operators".

    Used at §7.9; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.2; Method, Levers and Data, F.9

  98. S.99 MSE. written reply on hawker centre manpower (Kenneth Tiong), 10 Sep 2026 (hawker centres "a unique part of Singapore's cultural heritage"; stallholding kept to citizens and PRs; about 300 LTVP and LTVP+ assistants at 1 Aug 2026; policies reviewed "where necessary") (10 September 2026)

    parliamentary-reply

    Used at §7.9; Method, Levers and Data, F.9

  99. S.100 MOM. written answer on foreign worker policies for hawkers and small F&B operators (Jessica Tan), 25 Feb 2026 ("To preserve the local identity of our hawker culture and heritage") (25 February 2026)

    parliamentary-reply

    Used at §7.9; Method, Levers and Data, F.9

  100. S.102 UNESCO. Hawker culture in Singapore (element record)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “FMAS and the hawkers' associations”

  101. S.103 UNESCO. Singapore state page (periodic report submitted 15 Dec 2024; next due 30 Jun 2027) (15 December 2024)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “FMAS and the hawkers' associations”

  102. S.104 MSE. SMS Koh at the Hawkers' Seminar and Awards, 4 Nov 2024 (4 November 2024)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “FMAS and the hawkers' associations”

  103. S.105 MSE. Ms Goh Hanyan at the Singapore Hawkers' Celebration and Awards, 24 Nov 2025 (incl. "Becoming a Hawker") (24 November 2025)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “FMAS and the hawkers' associations”

  104. S.106 NEA. Alliance for Action on online ordering for hawkers, 23 Jul 2021 (23 July 2021)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “FMAS and the hawkers' associations”

  105. S.107 Singapore Chinese Cultural Centre. SCCC Culturepaedia, The Foochow community in Singapore (Foochow Coffee Restaurant & Bar Merchants Association; mutual-aid fund, 1956; heritage gallery, 2024)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “The coffeeshop trade”

  106. S.108 The Straits Times via NTU Business. more budget meals coming, 10 Jun 2023 (Foochow association, 400+ coffeeshops) (10 June 2023)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “The coffeeshop trade”

  107. S.109 NTUC. U SME partners merchants' associations, 29 Jul 2024 (29 July 2024)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “The labour movement”

  108. S.110 NTUC. two new associations for freelancers and the self-employed, 11 Dec 2020 (11 December 2020)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “The labour movement”

  109. S.111 NTUC. Foodfare Gift-A-Meal

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “The labour movement”

  110. S.112 CDC. Our Mayors (accessed 27 Oct 2026) (27 October 2026)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “The Mayors and their CDCs”

  111. S.113 CDC Vouchers. launch media release, May 2025 ($1.06bn at hawkers and heartland merchants) (May 2025)

    press-release

    Used at the Plan's references, under “The Mayors and their CDCs”

  112. S.114 Community Development Councils. Mayor Low Yen Ling at the launch of CDC Vouchers 2026 (2 January 2026)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “The Mayors and their CDCs”

  113. S.115 CDC Vouchers. merchants' FAQ

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “The Mayors and their CDCs”

  114. S.116 Community Development Councils. CDC Annual Report 2023 (Vouchers Donation Scheme) (2023)

    report

    Used at the Plan's references, under “The Mayors and their CDCs”

  115. S.117 South West CDC. Value Meals @ South West, 9 Mar 2025 (9 March 2025)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “The Mayors and their CDCs”

  116. S.118 North West CDC. Ready Meals @ North West, 30 May 2026 (30 May 2026)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “The Mayors and their CDCs”

  117. S.119 OCBC. Warm Meals @ North East, 21 Aug 2026 (21 August 2026)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “The Mayors and their CDCs”

  118. S.120 PMO. PM Lawrence Wong at the launch of Jobs Nearby @ CDC, 23 Oct 2025 (23 October 2025)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “The Mayors and their CDCs”

  119. S.121 PA. grassroots organisations

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “The PA, its grassroots and Town Councils”

  120. S.122 PA. CCC 60th anniversary media release, 23 Oct 2025 (CCC ComCare Fund; Community Facilitators Programme) (23 October 2025)

    press-release

    Used at the Plan's references, under “The PA, its grassroots and Town Councils”

  121. S.123 Kreta Ayer–Kim Seng. MealsPlus

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “The PA, its grassroots and Town Councils”

  122. S.124 MSE. oral reply in Parliament, 5 Aug 2026 (Town Council-managed centres) (5 August 2026)

    parliamentary-reply

    Used at the Plan's references, under “The PA, its grassroots and Town Councils”

  123. S.125 Food from the Heart. Project Belanja! media release

    press-release

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Charities that pay hawkers to feed people”

  124. S.126 Food from the Heart. boilerplate, Apr 2024 (April 2024)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Charities that pay hawkers to feed people”

  125. S.127 Food from the Heart. Food from the Heart, Annual Report 2024 (2024)

    report

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Charities that pay hawkers to feed people”

  126. S.128 Temasek. free meals during COVID (Hawker Food Delivery Programme, 2020) (2020)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Charities that pay hawkers to feed people”

  127. S.129 Malay Heritage Foundation. our story

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Heritage bodies and recipe books”

  128. S.130 HeritageSG. about us

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Heritage bodies and recipe books”

  129. S.131 SCCC. new initiatives incl. "Secret Ingredients", 2022 (2022)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Heritage bodies and recipe books”

  130. S.132 MCCY. celebrating and preserving Singapore's food heritage, 1 Mar 2016 (1 March 2016)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Heritage bodies and recipe books”

  131. S.133 NHB. grants showcase, 2024 (2024)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Heritage bodies and recipe books”

  132. S.134 Tabla. Chitty Melaka cookbook among NHB grant beneficiaries

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Heritage bodies and recipe books”

  133. S.135 TTSH Community Fund. #WeLoveSingaporeHawkers 2023 (2023)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Heritage bodies and recipe books”

  134. S.136 Mothership. Kampung Eats, Oct 2023 (October 2023)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Heritage bodies and recipe books”

  135. S.137 Roots. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Hawker Culture (ICH-050)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Heritage bodies and recipe books”

  136. S.138 raiSE directory. Hawker Boys Pte Ltd

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Social enterprises and training pipelines”

  137. S.139 Salt&Light. New Hope Noodles, 7 Apr 2025 (7 April 2025)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Social enterprises and training pipelines”

  138. S.140 Project Dignity. Project Dignity

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Social enterprises and training pipelines”

  139. S.141 PSD Challenge. Project Dignity Kitchen, 2013 (2013)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Social enterprises and training pipelines”

  140. S.142 NYP. MOU with Yellow Ribbon Singapore, 22 Nov 2023 (22 November 2023)

    press-release

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Social enterprises and training pipelines”

  141. S.143 Mothership. Temasek Polytechnic hawker work-study post-diploma, Jan 2021 (2021)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Social enterprises and training pipelines”

  142. S.144 MSE. written reply on the Hawkers' Development Programme, 5 Nov 2025 (5 November 2025)

    parliamentary-reply

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Social enterprises and training pipelines”

  143. S.145 NYP Asian Culinary Institute. Hawkers' Development Programme (allowances of up to $1,000 a month in the apprenticeship and incubation stages)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Social enterprises and training pipelines”

  144. S.146 DBS. weekly $3 cashback at hawker stalls and heartland shops, 29 Jun 2025 (29 June 2025)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Companies”

  145. S.147 Fintech News Singapore. DBS PayLah! cashback 2026 (2026)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Companies”

  146. S.148 Grab. P2HA support programme for hawkers, 2021 (2021)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Companies”

  147. S.149 foodpanda. support for hawkers, 2021 (2021)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Companies”

  148. S.150 Malay Mail. Tiger Street Food Support Fund, 25 Feb 2017 (25 February 2017)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Companies”

  149. S.151 Vulcan Post. Hawkers United – Dabao 2020, Apr 2020 (April 2020)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Ground-up groups and voices”

  150. S.152 Hype Singapore. Hype Singapore (16 January 2026)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Ground-up groups and voices”

  151. S.153 Makansutra. the problem with hawkers, 7 May 2024 (7 May 2024)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Ground-up groups and voices”

  152. S.154 Mothership. Bukit Canberra storage fee and charity meals timeline, Aug 2025 (August 2025)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Ground-up groups and voices”

  153. S.155 Singapore Polytechnic news clipping. KF Seetoh urges PM Wong to save hawker culture "beyond words", May 2026 (May 2026)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Ground-up groups and voices”

  154. S.156 Institute of Policy Studies. IPS Makan Index 2.0, coverage, Mar 2023 (March 2023)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Researchers and price data”

  155. S.157 Teo Kay Key (IPS). "Budget meals are needed, but why should hawkers bear the burden?", The Straits Times, 30 Jan 2026, via NUS News (30 January 2026)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Researchers and price data”

  156. S.158 NUS IREUS (Ivan Png). Singapore hawker culture, 30 Oct 2023 (30 October 2023)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Researchers and price data”

  157. S.159 Consumers Association of Singapore. Price Kaki (from 2019; 37,000 cooked-food items, Jan 2023) (2023)

    otherNo URL; supplied as a document

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Researchers and price data”

  158. S.160 NTU. sustainability of Singapore's hawkers, 3 Jun 2024 (3 June 2024)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Researchers and price data”

  159. S.161 NTU. is too much being asked of hawkers?, 1 Jun 2024 (1 June 2024)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Researchers and price data”

  160. S.162 LKYSPP Global-is-Asian. cooking or cooked: the future of Singapore's hawker culture, Oct 2024 (October 2024)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Researchers and price data”

  161. S.163 SMU. Lily Kong's book on hawker centres, 18 Dec 2023 (18 December 2023)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Researchers and price data”

  162. S.164 NEA. Vibrant Hawker Culture Programme

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “NHB and NEA grants”

  163. S.165 NHB. overview of Minor and Major Project Grants, 2026 (2026)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “NHB and NEA grants”

  164. S.166 National Heritage Board. NHB, Stewards of Intangible Cultural Heritage Award 2021 (2021)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “NHB and NEA grants”

  165. S.167 NHB. SG Heritage Business Scheme

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “NHB and NEA grants”

  166. S.168 MCCY. Cultural Matching Fund

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “NHB and NEA grants”

  167. S.169 SG Parliament (unofficial reproduction of the Official Report). Official Report, Hawker Culture (motion), 13 Nov 2024: speeches of Liang Eng Hwa and Mariam Jaafar, among others (13 November 2024)

    parliamentary-reply

    Unofficial mirror. Liang Eng Hwa: "we should also look at the quality of the bid"; Mariam Jaafar on feedback in quality-method tenders.

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Government schemes, the ballot and retirement”; the Record, A.7

  168. S.170 SG Parliament (unofficial reproduction of the Official Report). Official Report, 6 Oct 2026: adjournment motion, Saving Our Local Food and Beverage Businesses (Jamus Lim; reply Low Yen Ling) (6 October 2026)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Unofficial mirror. Tender criteria beyond "raw bid prices alone"; Malaysian stall assistants; "imposing rental controls is not straightforward and could have far-reaching consequences".

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Government schemes, the ballot and retirement”; the Record, A.7; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.7

  169. S.171 SG Parliament (unofficial reproduction of the Official Report). Official Report, Committee of Supply 2026, MSE, 3 Mar 2026 (Foo Cexiang; Louis Chua) (3 March 2026)

    parliamentary-reply

    Unofficial mirror. Work-permit assistants for stalls more than ten years old; CHAS discounts.

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Government schemes, the ballot and retirement”; the Record, A.7

  170. S.172 SG Parliament (unofficial reproduction of the Official Report). Official Report, Committee of Supply 2026, MSE, 4 Mar 2026 (reply, Goh Hanyan) (4 March 2026)

    parliamentary-reply

    Unofficial mirror.

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Government schemes, the ballot and retirement”; the Record, A.7

  171. S.173 NEA. Hawkers Succession Scheme (page updated 19 Aug 2026) (19 August 2026)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Government schemes, the ballot and retirement”

  172. S.174 MSE. written reply on the Hawkers Succession Scheme, 10 May 2021 (tasting evaluation and advisory panel) (10 May 2021)

    parliamentary-reply

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Government schemes, the ballot and retirement”

  173. S.175 DollarsAndSense. Hawkers Succession Scheme terms (stipend as reported)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Government schemes, the ballot and retirement”

  174. S.176 Heidoh. about 170 LTVP holders employed as hawker assistants, 23 Sep 2025 (23 September 2025)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Government schemes, the ballot and retirement”

  175. S.177 Parliament of Singapore. Hansard, Hawker Culture (motion), 13 Nov 2024, Parliament 14, Vol 95, Sitting 147: Dr Koh Poh Koon's speech as recorded, the source of the quotations in the Record, A.7 and §2.2; read through Open Hansard, an unofficial reproduction (official record ) (13 November 2024)

    parliamentary-reply

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Government schemes, the ballot and retirement”

  176. S.178 Parliament of Singapore. Hansard, Hawker Culture (motion), 13 Nov 2024, Parliament 14, Vol 95, Sitting 147: Dr Koh Poh Koon's speech as recorded, the source of the quotations in the Record, A.7 and §2.2; read through Open Hansard, an unofficial reproduction (official record ) (13 November 2024)

    parliamentary-reply

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Government schemes, the ballot and retirement”

  177. S.179 The Independent Singapore. amended Hawker Culture motion, 14 Nov 2024 (14 November 2024)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Government schemes, the ballot and retirement”

  178. S.180 MOM. written answer on take-up of the Matched Retirement Savings Scheme, 27 Feb 2026 (27 February 2026)

    parliamentary-reply

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Government schemes, the ballot and retirement”

  179. S.181 MSE. written reply on the operation of hawker centres by social enterprises (Leong Mun Wai), 10 Jan 2024 (10 January 2024)

    parliamentary-reply

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Rents, fees and the cleaning contract”

  180. S.182 MSE. written reply on the average annual operating cost of a hawker centre, 5 Feb 2024 (5 February 2024)

    parliamentary-reply

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Rents, fees and the cleaning contract”

  181. S.183 National Archives of Singapore. balloting of hawker stalls at Bukit Ho Swee, 26 Apr 1966 (photograph) (26 April 1966)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Rents, fees and the cleaning contract”

  182. S.184 NEA and MSE. up to $1 billion to upgrade hawker centres and build five new ones, 4 Mar 2025 (HUP 2.0) (4 March 2025)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Repairs, upgrading and the pilot centres' works”

  183. S.185 MSE. written reply on the maintenance of kitchen exhaust ducts, 22 Feb 2023 (22 February 2023)

    parliamentary-reply

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Repairs, upgrading and the pilot centres' works”

  184. S.186 MSE. written reply on the Hawkers' Productivity Grant, 5 Mar 2026 (centralised dishwashing at 26 centres; dishwashing fees co-funded) (5 March 2026)

    parliamentary-reply

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Repairs, upgrading and the pilot centres' works”

  185. S.187 NEA. hawker management announcements: repairs and redecoration works (read 28 Oct 2026) (28 October 2026)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Repairs, upgrading and the pilot centres' works”

  186. S.188 Mothership. Chinatown Complex to undergo three-month renovation planned for March 2026, 26 Mar 2025 (26 March 2025)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Repairs, upgrading and the pilot centres' works”

  187. S.189 Seth Lui via Yahoo. Chinatown Complex closing for spring cleaning, 14 Mar 2026 (14 March 2026)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Repairs, upgrading and the pilot centres' works”

  188. S.190 Must Share News. Geylang Serai Market closed for three months for renovation, 24 Feb 2024 (24 February 2024)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Repairs, upgrading and the pilot centres' works”

  189. S.191 Roots (NHB). scenes from Tekka: Indian Muslim hawkers, 2021 (2021)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Repairs, upgrading and the pilot centres' works”

  190. S.192 Leong Mun Wai. closing speech on the Hawker Culture motion, 13 Nov 2024, as published by the Progress Singapore Party (support for the amended motion) (13 November 2024)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “The 2021 and 2024 debates”

  191. S.193 Leon Perera. speech on the adjournment motion on the hawker industry, 3 Aug 2021, as published by the Workers' Party (3 August 2021)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “The 2021 and 2024 debates”

  192. S.194 MSE. Dr Amy Khor's reply to the adjournment motion on the hawker industry, 3 Aug 2021 (3 August 2021)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “The 2021 and 2024 debates”

  193. S.195 MOM. hours of work, overtime and rest days (Part 4 of the Employment Act: at most 12 hours a day; normal hours of 8 a day for a week of more than five days; overtime at least 1.5 times the hourly basic rate)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Relief cover, manpower and apprentice pay”

  194. S.196 MOM. overtime for part-time employees (hours beyond a similar full-time employee's normal hours paid at 1.5 times)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Relief cover, manpower and apprentice pay”

  195. S.197 MSE. written reply on LTVP or LTVP+ holders, 22 Sep 2025 (about 170 hired) (22 September 2025)

    parliamentary-reply

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Relief cover, manpower and apprentice pay”

  196. S.198 Workers' Party. "Growing Singapore's Hawker Culture", speech by Louis Chua on the Motion on Hawker Culture, 13 Nov 2024 (the price-quality tender, a rent cap, SEHCs under NEA, Government-funded CHAS discounts, hawkers setting their own prices, platform fee transparency, a single independent hawker academy, and a work pass for hawkers aged 60 and above) (13 November 2024)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Training, landings and the HDP's record”

  197. S.199 Office of the Leader of the Opposition. Office of the Leader of the Opposition, reproducing MSE's written reply on the Hawkers' Development Programme (Louis Chua), 2 Jul 2024 (566, 120, 29 and 16) (2 July 2024)

    parliamentary-reply

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Training, landings and the HDP's record”; the Technical Paper, G.8

  198. S.200 Makansutra. how are those master and celebrity hawker trainees faring?, 4 Jun 2014 (the first 13 trainees) (4 June 2014)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Training, landings and the HDP's record”

  199. S.201 PR Newswire. NTUC FairPrice Foundation funds S$1 million to launch Kopitiam HawkerBoss Programme, 10 May 2022 (10 May 2022)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Training, landings and the HDP's record”

  200. S.202 Kopitiam. the HawkerBoss Program

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Training, landings and the HDP's record”

  201. S.203 NTUC. Fei Siong Food Management's entrepreneurship initiative for locals, 27 May 2016 (27 May 2016)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Training, landings and the HDP's record”

  202. S.204 Institute for Adult Learning. Every Hawker a Hawkerpreneur (with Fei Siong Group), 6 Aug 2024 (6 August 2024)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Training, landings and the HDP's record”

  203. S.205 ITE. Certificate of Competency in introduction to managing a hawker business

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Training, landings and the HDP's record”

  204. S.206 ITE. Food Republic and ITE launch a young hawker entrepreneurship incubator, 29 Aug 2022 (29 August 2022)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Training, landings and the HDP's record”

  205. S.207 SG Magazine. citing TODAY, Temasek Polytechnic's Singapore Hawker Classics Unveiled, 15 Oct 2015 (15 October 2015)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Training, landings and the HDP's record”

  206. S.208 The Food Bank Singapore. Feed the City 3.0, 17 Sep 2021 (17 September 2021)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “More help, and its status”

  207. S.209 The Straits Times via Magzter. hawker meal vouchers for up to 2,400 MacPherson households, 13 Apr 2025 (13 April 2025)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “More help, and its status”

  208. S.210 Food from the Heart. Project Belanja page (read 28 Oct 2026) (28 October 2026)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “More help, and its status”

  209. S.211 EDB. 15 hawkers lauded for shaping Singapore's hawker culture, 11 Jan 2022 (S$500 each) (11 January 2022)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “More help, and its status”

  210. S.212 Seth Lui. Tiger Street Food Festival 2017 raises over S$72,000, 22 Sep 2017 (22 September 2017)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “More help, and its status”

  211. S.213 Makansutra. Hawkers' Omakase returns, Part 2, 5 Aug 2026 (5 August 2026)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “More help, and its status”

  212. S.214 The Straits Times via Yahoo. households to get $300 in CDC vouchers in January 2027, 29 Jul 2026 (29 July 2026)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Vouchers and value meals”

  213. S.215 CDCs. $130 million CDC Vouchers Scheme launched, 13 Dec 2021 (hawkers and heartland merchants only) (13 December 2021)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Vouchers and value meals”

  214. S.216 Malay Mail. citing The Straits Times, budding hawker-preneurs pay S$42,800 each for chicken rice recipe, 6 Sep 2016 (6 September 2016)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Goodwill, names and the endowment”

  215. S.217 NEA. FAQs for the Hawkers Succession Scheme, 14 Mar 2022 ("not intended to replace commercial arrangements") (14 March 2022)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Goodwill, names and the endowment”

  216. S.218 NEA. a new scheme for the transmission of culinary skills from retiring veteran hawkers, 24 Nov 2020 (24 November 2020)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Goodwill, names and the endowment”

  217. S.219 Bloomberg. secret roast-pork recipe tests value of real estate, 1 May 2012 (Kay Lee) (1 May 2012)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Goodwill, names and the endowment”

  218. S.220 Malay Mail. from TODAY, Michelin-star chicken rice hawker eyes S$2m for recipe, 20 Sep 2016 (Kay Lee's 2014 sale) (20 September 2016)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Goodwill, names and the endowment”

  219. S.221 Makansutra. Mei Mei Roast Meat: Kay Lee's legacy lives on here, 31 Aug 2015 (31 August 2015)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Goodwill, names and the endowment”

  220. S.222 Mothership. Hill Street Tai Hwa Pork Noodle's newspaper notice, 3 Oct 2021 (3 October 2021)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Goodwill, names and the endowment”

  221. S.223 Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan. Guidelines for Certification of Cooking Skills for Japanese Cuisine in Foreign Countries (2016, revised 1 Apr 2024; 3,976 certified by 31 Mar 2026) (April 2016)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Abroad”

  222. S.224 Hong Kong Government. LCQ21 on hawker licences (dai pai dong successions of 2021 and 2023) (10 July 2024)

    parliamentary-replyNo URL; supplied as a document

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Abroad”; the Record, A.7

  223. S.225 Malay Mail. Penang: no bylaw needed on foreign cooks for 13 local dishes (6 January 2026)

    newsNo URL; supplied as a document

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Abroad”; the Record, A.7

  224. S.226 Institut pour les Savoir-Faire Français. Institut pour les Savoir-Faire Français (the former INMA, renamed 21 Mar 2024) (21 March 2024)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Abroad”; the Record, A.7

  225. S.227 Ministère de la Culture. Maîtres d'art: place à la transmission du savoir-faire, 25 Jan 2023 (25 January 2023)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Abroad”

  226. S.228 Assemblée nationale. question écrite 6090, answer of 18 Dec 2018 (18 December 2018)

    parliamentary-reply

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Abroad”

  227. S.229 AVPN. membership application form

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Abroad”

  228. S.230 Bangkok Post. Thai SELECT, 2025 (2025)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Abroad”

  229. S.231 Khaosod English. Thai SELECT star system, 30 Apr 2025 (30 April 2025)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Abroad”

  230. S.232 City of San Francisco. Legacy Business Program grants annual report 2023–24 (2023)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Abroad”

  231. S.233 San Francisco Small Business Commission. Legacy Business Program presentation, 11 Dec 2023 (11 December 2023)

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Abroad”

  232. S.234 Réussir. crédit d'impôt remplacement extended to 31 Dec 2027, 16 Mar 2025 (31 December 2027)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Abroad”

  233. S.235 Hokkaido Government. dairy helpers

    other

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Abroad”

  234. S.236 Hong Kong Government. LCQ3 on dai pai dong, 22 Mar 2017 (22 March 2017)

    parliamentary-reply

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Abroad”

  235. S.237 New Straits Times. Penang's draft ban on foreign cooks for 13 dishes, Jul 2024 (July 2024)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Abroad”

  236. S.238 Malay Mail. commentary on Penang's proposed ban, 19 Jul 2024 (19 July 2024)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “Abroad”

  237. S.239 CNA. Social enterprise hawker centre model "generally sound", market mechanism working: Masagos (19 November 2018)

    news

    Used at the Plan's references, under “The record: the Government's own panels, Parliament and UNESCO, read 29 Oct 2026”

  238. S.240 Ministry of National Development. Written answer on proposal to introduce rent control legislation for eating houses at mature estates (July 2022)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the Plan's references; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.7

  239. S.241 Ministry of National Development. Oral answer on taking further measures to assist stallholders of coffee shops facing increasing rentals and other business overheads (7 February 2024)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the Plan's references; Hawkers and Social Protection, C.7

  240. S.242 Ministry of National Development. Oral answer on HDB shops (September 2025)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Paper lists 'MND replies on coffeeshop rents and rent control (Jul 2022, Feb 2024, Sep 2025)'; matched to the three MND links in Hawkers and Social Protection.

    Used at the Plan's references; the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection, under “Landlords”

S.243–S.325 First cited in Hawkers and Social Protection

  1. S.243 Singapore Statutes Online (Attorney-General's Chambers). Platform Workers Act 2024 (2024)

    legislationAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Protections in force from 1 January 2025 per Hawkers and Social Protection, C.4.

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.1, C.4

  2. S.244 CPF Board. CPF contribution rates for platform workers

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.1, C.4

  3. S.245 Ministry of Manpower. Written answer to PQ on self-employed persons with MediSave contributions in arrears (18 February 2025)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Source of ~25% of self-employed paying MediSave late (end-2024).

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.1, C.4, C.6; the sources of Follow the Plate

  4. S.246 ILOSTAT (International Labour Organization). Casting a light on dependent contractors: a new statistical and increasingly important category (ICSE-18)

    reportAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    ILO blog post on the 2018 International Classification of Status in Employment.

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.2

  5. S.247 National Environment Agency. Including a joint operator

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.2

  6. S.248 National Environment Agency. Registering a hawker assistant

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.2

  7. S.249 National Environment Agency. SEHC operators' commitment to serving patrons' needs and safeguarding stallholders' well-being

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Listed in A as 'NEA — Operator-run centre safeguards'.

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.2

  8. S.250 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Written reply to PQ on rental contract termination in SEHCs

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Source for early tenancy ends of 8% a year in operator-run centres vs 3% in NEA-run centres (2019–2023).

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.2

  9. S.251 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Written reply to PQ on hawker food prices (hawker cost structure) (2 July 2024)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    NEA 2022 cost survey: raw materials 56%, manpower 20%, rent under 10% of operating costs. Date from Follow the Plate.

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.2, C.5; Follow the Plate, D.3

  10. S.252 The Online Citizen. Timbre Group responds to KF Seetoh's SEHC criticism, defends rent model, CCTV use and fines (27 August 2025)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Listed in A as 'TOC — Operator contract terms'; date from URL. Likely source of the 15%-of-gross-turnover contract.

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.2

  11. S.253 Ministry of Manpower. Who is a platform operator

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.2

  12. S.254 Ministry of Manpower. Written answer to PQ on whether MOM assessed impact of the Platform Workers Act (5 August 2026)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Date from URL (A gives Aug 2026). Source of ~90,000 platform workers receiving CPF a month.

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.3, C.4

  13. S.255 Ministry of Manpower. Labour Force in Singapore, advance release 2025 (28 November 2025)

    press-releaseAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Date from URL.

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.3

  14. S.256 Ministry of Manpower. Labour Force in Singapore 2025 (2025)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.3

  15. S.257 Ministry of Manpower. Own Account Workers 2017, Annex A, Table 1 (2018)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26No URL; supplied as a document

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.3

  16. S.258 CPF Board. What are the changes to the CPF contribution rates for senior workers from 1 January 2026? (1 January 2026)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Listed in A as 'CPF — Employee rates 2026'. Date is the effective date in the title.

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.4

  17. S.259 CPF Board. Self-employed MediSave contribution rates 2026 (2026)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.4; the sources of Follow the Plate; Method, Levers and Data, F.2

  18. S.260 Ministry of Manpower. Work injury compensation for platform workers

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.4

  19. S.261 Ministry of Manpower. Work injury compensation: who is covered

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.4

  20. S.262 Ministry of Manpower. Written answer to PQ on SkillsFuture Jobseeker Support (7 July 2026)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Date from URL. 'People who were previously self-employed are not eligible.'

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.4

  21. S.263 CPF Board. How much Workfare Income Supplement will I get?

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.4

  22. S.264 Ministry of Manpower. Written answer to PQ on WIS cash and CPF split (2 March 2026)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Date from URL.

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.4

  23. S.265 Ministry of Manpower. Factsheet on lower-wage workers (2026) (3 March 2026)

    press-releaseAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Date from file name.

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.4

  24. S.266 Ministry of Manpower. Sick leave: eligibility and entitlement

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.4

  25. S.267 Ministry of Manpower. Platform Workers Bill: round-up speech by SMS Koh (10 September 2024)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.4

  26. S.268 Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, NUS. Cooking or Cooked? (Futures of Singapore hawker culture case study) (April 2024)

    reportAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Date from file name.

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.5

  27. S.269 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Written reply to PQ on hawker programmes (median hawker age)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Listed in A as 'MSE — Median hawker age'.

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.5; the Technical Paper, G.8

  28. S.270 Hack (hack.gov.sg). Hawker interviews (Hack 2025: hawker-thing) (2025)

    reportAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    21-hawker interview study; about 13 hours a day.

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.5

  29. S.271 Hack (hack.gov.sg). Hawkernomics (2025)

    reportAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Follow the Plate lists this URL as 'Hack — Hawker interviews and Hawkernomics (2025)'.

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.5; Follow the Plate, D.3

  30. S.272 Ministry of Manpower. WSH National Statistics Report 2025 (2026)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.5

  31. S.273 Pega, F. et al. (WHO/ILO). Global, regional and national burdens of ischemic heart disease and stroke attributable to exposure to long working hours (Environment International 154:106595) (2021)

    academicAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.5

  32. S.274 Makki, F. et al.. Global prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among restaurant workers (Public Health in Practice 11:100750) (2026)

    academicAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.5

  33. S.275 Tüchsen, F. et al.. Prolonged standing at work and hospitalisation due to varicose veins (Scand J Work Environ Health 26(5):414–420) (2000)

    academicAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.5

  34. S.276 Tang, L. et al.. Cooking fumes and lung cancer among Singapore Chinese women (Environ Health Perspect 118(9):1257–1260) (2010)

    academicAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26No URL; supplied as a document

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.5

  35. S.277 Leong, K. B. R. et al.. Workplace injuries and musculoskeletal symptoms among food-service workers at a Singapore hospital (J Occup Med Toxicol 19) (2024)

    academicAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26No URL; supplied as a document

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.5

  36. S.278 Tokyo Shoko Research. Bankruptcies blamed on a lack of successor, FY2025 (8 April 2026)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.5

  37. S.279 Mustsharenews. Kong Kee Mutton Soup at Farrer Park to close (22 March 2023)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.5

  38. S.280 Mothership. Very Lucky Turtle Soup to close (16 June 2025)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.5

  39. S.281 Mustsharenews. Faulty exhaust hoods at People's Park Food Centre (10 July 2023)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.5

  40. S.282 CPF Board. What is the CPF retirement sum? (2026)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.6

  41. S.283 CPF Board. How much CPF payouts can I get every month?

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.6

  42. S.284 CPF Board. Retirement sum attainment rates (2025)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Hawkers and Social Protection, C.6 quotes 2025 rates (76% of active members, 65% of all members).

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.6

  43. S.285 Ministry of Manpower. Silver Support Scheme

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.6

  44. S.286 CPF Board. I am a self-employed person / platform worker. How will the Government assess my eligibility for the Silver Support Scheme?

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.6

  45. S.287 GovBenefits. Majulah Package: am I eligible?

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.6

  46. S.288 GovBenefits. Budget 2026 measures (2026)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.6

  47. S.289 Ministry of Manpower. Written answer to PQ on retirement adequacy (6 March 2025)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Date from URL.

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.6

  48. S.290 Singapore Management University. Making retirement work for the gig life (2018)

    academicAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Found self-employed wealth on par with employees'; not hawker-specific.

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.6

  49. S.291 TODAY (republished by Malay Mail). The long read: Singaporeans want cheap and good hawker food, hawkers need to make money — how do we square the circle? (22 July 2024)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Listed in A as 'TODAY — Coffeeshop rents (2024)'; the URL is a Malay Mail republication. Date from URL.

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.7

  50. S.292 Mothership. 51 Kopitiam closes (August 2022)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    A coffeeshop that closed in 2022 with no notice to its stallholders (Hawkers and Social Protection, C.7).

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.7

  51. S.293 Enterprise Singapore. Government subsidy under Hawkers Go Digital programme extended for another year (October 2024)

    press-releaseAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    The subsidy ran to end-2025; no extension into 2026 was found (checked 28 Oct 2026).

    Used at Hawkers and Social Protection, C.7; the Technical Paper, G.8

  52. S.294 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Rents and fees, 2025 medians (MSE written reply, 8 Sep 2026) (8 September 2026)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    The URL slug refers to 'heat preparedness', not rents and fees. Either the reply covered both topics or the wrong link is listed; unresolved. Source of 2025 medians: NEA non-subsidised rent $1,450, S&CC $200, table cleaning $520; SEHC $1,700 / $400 / $650 (per plate_model.py).

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection; Follow the Plate, D.2.2, D.3; Method, Levers and Data, F.2; the Technical Paper, G.8

  53. S.295 Enterprise Singapore and MND. More coffee shops to offer budget meals to boost affordable food options (1 July 2024)

    press-releaseAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Date read from the paper's link text (1 Jul 2024) and the URL.

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection; the sources of Follow the Plate

  54. S.296 Home & Decor. How to rent a HDB coffee shop stall? (Pay $4,000 to $10,000 rent monthly) (1 April 2026)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    A commercial guide, not official data.

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection

  55. S.297 NEA. Productivity Grant phases

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection

  56. S.298 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Written reply to PQ on co-sharing of hawker stalls (Joint Operator Scheme) (11 November 2024)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Joint operators since 2012: one per stall, non-overlapping hours, at least 4 hours a business day each.

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection

  57. S.299 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Oral reply to PQ on personal operation of hawker stall (10 March 2025)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    A hawker unable to operate for medical reasons can appoint a joint operator or a nominee.

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection

  58. S.300 DollarsAndSense. Eligibility criteria and tenancy agreement conditions when renting an NEA-managed hawker stall

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    The nominee route can take 4 to 6 weeks.

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection

  59. S.301 Grab. GrabFood merchant sign-up: service fee (28 October 2026)

    company-filingAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    A service fee of 30% on GrabFood and GrabMart orders, plus GST.

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection; the Technical Paper, G.8

  60. S.302 CNA, via NTU Nanyang Business School. Deliveroo's Singapore exit may lead to higher fees, fewer discounts, analysts say (26 February 2026)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Deliveroo went offline in Singapore after 4 March 2026.

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection

  61. S.303 Ministry of Manpower. Written answer to PQ on platform workers' CPF opt-in rate (12 January 2026)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    About 26,500, or 27%, of platform workers born before 1995 had opted in to the higher CPF rates by September 2025.

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection

  62. S.304 NTUC U FSE. Insurance coverage for freelancers (Prolonged Medical Leave insurance) (7 September 2018)

    press-releaseAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Prolonged Medical Leave daily-cash policies for the self-employed from NTUC Income and GigaCover. Whether still sold in 2026 is unconfirmed.

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection

  63. S.305 Ministry of Social and Family Development. ComCare: Short-to-Medium-Term and Long-Term Assistance

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    SMTA helps those temporarily unable to work, for example through illness.

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection

  64. S.306 Ministry of Manpower. Speech by SMS Koh on the Platform Workers Bill (second reading) (9 September 2024)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection, under “Classification & tenancy”

  65. S.307 CPF Board. Saving as a self-employed person (5 June 2026)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    MediSave billing after the tax assessment; monthly GIRO instalments.

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection, under “Protection”

  66. S.308 CPF Board. What do I need to do to receive Workfare Income Supplement? (22 October 2026)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Self-employed members must pay MediSave in full by the deadline; for GIRO payers, 31 December two years after the work year.

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection, under “Protection”

  67. S.309 Singapore Food Agency. Update, renew or cancel licence or permit for food retail: conditions for renewal (2026)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Individuals must clear MediSave arrears before renewing a food stall licence.

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection, under “Protection”

  68. S.310 CPF Board. Can I apply for or renew my licence if I have outstanding MediSave payable? (4 November 2025)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Licensing authorities renew only with MediSave fully paid or on an active GIRO plan.

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection, under “Protection”

  69. S.311 Ministry of Manpower. Support for self-employed persons: Tripartite Workgroup's recommendations (22 February 2018)

    reportAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Recommended contribute-as-you-earn, licensing controls and an insurer-provided daily-cash product; rejected Government co-contributions to MediSave as a departure 'from the principle of self-help'.

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection, under “Protection”

  70. S.312 CPF. Platform-worker rates from January 2026

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection, under “Protection”

  71. S.313 MOM. CPF and Transition Support for platform workers

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection, under “Protection”

  72. S.314 Ministry of Manpower. Jobseeker Support factsheet (2024) (2024)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection, under “Protection”

  73. S.315 MOM. Committee of Supply 2026: Senior Employment Credit, Jobseeker Support

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection, under “Protection”

  74. S.316 CPF Board. Workfare enhancements

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection, under “Protection”

  75. S.317 Ministry of Manpower. More Singaporeans eligible for MMSS and MRSS (26 January 2026)

    press-releaseAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    MRSS: $456M to more than 250,000 members for 2025; persons with disabilities of any age from 2026. Basic Healthcare Sum $79,000 in 2026.

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection, under “Retirement”

  76. S.318 CPF Board. I am self-employed and have outstanding MediSave payable: why am I not eligible for the MMSS grant? (2026)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Arrears block the Matched MediSave grant unless on an instalment plan.

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection, under “Retirement”

  77. S.319 Ministry of Manpower. MediSave obligation for self-employed (reply to ST letter) (7 May 2022)

    press-releaseAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Once the Basic Healthcare Sum is met, self-employed MediSave contributions are channelled to the Special or Retirement Account.

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection, under “Retirement”

  78. S.320 CPF Board. Majulah Package FAQs (2026)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Earn and Save Bonus income bands and the AV $25,000 and one-property exclusions.

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection, under “Retirement”

  79. S.321 CPF. Budget 2026 highlights (12 Feb 2026) (12 February 2026)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection, under “Retirement”

  80. S.322 The Straits Times. Rent support for about 6,900 cooked-food and 8,300 market stalls (29 Jul 2026) (29 July 2026)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection, under “Hawker work & data”

  81. S.323 Kimly Limited (SGX filing). Kimly Limited corporate presentation FY2025

    company-filingAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Source of Kimly's audited 7.2 cooked-food stalls an outlet (Hawkers and Social Protection, C.7, Follow the Plate, D.3). No date in the URL.

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection, under “Landlords”; the sources of Follow the Plate

  82. S.324 Singapore Food Agency. Licensed food establishments (data.gov.sg)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Source of the 13,893 licensed food stalls (end 2025) that cap the count of non-NEA stalls (Hawkers and Social Protection, C.7, Follow the Plate, D.3).

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection, under “Landlords”; the sources of Follow the Plate

  83. S.325 Ministry of National Development. Data on HDB coffee shops tenanted to F&B chains and to independent operators (written answer, via the Office of the Leader of the Opposition) (8 May 2024)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    374 HDB rental coffee shops.

    Used at the sources of Hawkers and Social Protection, under “Landlords”; the Technical Paper, G.8

S.326–S.427 First cited in Follow the Plate

  1. S.326 Singapore Department of Statistics. Household Expenditure Survey 2023 (2023)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    $491 a month per resident household at hawker centres, food courts and coffee shops.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.2.1, D.7.3, D.8; the Technical Paper, G.8

  2. S.327 Singapore Department of Statistics. Food & beverage services infographic

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Assumed source of the 2021 survey figure (7,050 establishments, ~$4.1bn operating receipts); Follow the Plate, D.2.1 does not name the source inline.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.2.1; the Technical Paper, G.8

  3. S.328 Housing & Development Board. Eating-house PQM tender results

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Likely source of the 22 recent coffeeshop tenders averaging about $48,000 a month (Follow the Plate, D.2.2).

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.2.2

  4. S.329 Mothership. July 2026 rental support for hawkers (July 2026)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.2.2; the Technical Paper, G.8

  5. S.330 Ministry of Manpower. Government accepts TCF recommendations on Food Services PWM 2026 to 2028 (16 March 2026)

    press-releaseAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    PWM for food-stall assistants $2,220 from 1 Jul 2026, rising to $2,500 in July 2028.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.3, D.6

  6. S.331 NEA. High majority of patrons satisfied with hawker centres (Perception Survey of Hawker Centre Patrons 2018, 13 Jun 2019) (13 June 2019)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.4.2

  7. S.332 Meat+Poultry. Repeat customers key to restaurant success (National Restaurant Association, 2013 Restaurant Industry Forecast) (2013)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.4.2

  8. S.333 Toast and Resy. The Regulars Report 2026 (4 Jun 2026) (4 June 2026)

    reportAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.4.2

  9. S.334 Fast Casual. 7% of restaurant guests drive up to 50% of order volume (May 2026) (May 2026)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.4.2

  10. S.335 Enterprise Singapore. More than 11,000 F&B stallholders have adopted e-payment since 2018 (MR 049/23, 26 Oct 2023) (26 October 2023)

    press-releaseAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.4.2

  11. S.336 Singapore Department of Statistics. Import and export price indices, August 2026 (August 2026)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Food import price index 102.4 in August 2026, down 2.6% year on year; meat +5.4%.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.2, D.6

  12. S.337 The Online Citizen (Yee Loon; copy hosted by IPS, NUS). Hawkers' business costs ignored in IPS study on food expenses, says Kf Seetoh, who calls for end to bidding practices of stalls (16 March 2023)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Secondary; KF Seetoh's views, attributed as his: an end to highest-bid tendering; coffeeshops sold for more than $40M in June 2022 (Tampines, $41.68M) and stall rents of about $12,000 a month; at least 10 of 14 stalls left the Yishun shop (citing 8 World News). Local copy listed in sources/README.md.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.3

  13. S.338 Ministry of Trade and Industry. Written reply comparing rental costs with revenue and gross operating surplus in retail and F&B, 2019–2024 (7 April 2026)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    DOS levels; ratios derived: rent 17.0% to 10.8% of revenue, surplus 3.2% to 2.3%, hawkers excluded.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.3; the Technical Paper, G.8

  14. S.339 Ministry of Trade and Industry. Written reply on market concentration in food delivery, commissions and fees (7 April 2026)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    CCCS had not observed systematic shifts in commissions or fees after Deliveroo's exit.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.3

  15. S.340 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Oral reply to PQ on support for stallholders at market and food centres (LTVP assistants from January 2025) (18 February 2025)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.3; the Technical Paper, G.8

  16. S.341 Ministry of Manpower / Tripartite Cluster for Food Services. Recommendations on the Food Services PWM, 2026–2028 (16 March 2026)

    reportAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Individually run stalls are exempt; the ladder is enforced through work-pass hiring.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.3; the Technical Paper, G.8

  17. S.343 SingStat. Rebasing of the Consumer Price Index (2019 as base year) (February 2020)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    CPI weights: hawker food 7.9% of the 2019 basket.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  18. S.344 SingStat. Import and export price indices, April 2018 (2012 = 100) (May 2018)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Food import prices 2014–17; chained to 2019 = 100 in D.5.4 (derived).

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  19. S.345 SingStat. Import and export price indices, November 2019 (2018 = 100) (December 2019)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  20. S.346 Energy Market Authority. Annual electricity tariffs by component (low tension), 2005–2022 (2022)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Low-tension tariffs before GST: 26.3 cents a kWh in 2013 and 23.6 in 2019.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  21. S.347 SP Group. Tariff information: electricity and gas, 1 Oct–31 Dec 2026 (October 2026)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  22. S.348 Sunollo. Singapore electricity price tracker (quarterly tariffs 2022–2026) (2026)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Secondary, citing SP Group; used only for the quarterly means of 2022–25 in Figure D.6.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  23. S.349 National Environment Agency. Revision to service and conservancy charges for MSE-owned markets and hawker centres (3 June 2023)

    press-releaseAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Cooked-food S&CC unchanged at $140 since 2005; $155 from January 2024 and $175 from July 2024.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  24. S.350 National Environment Agency. Annual Report 2016/17: new hawker centres (2016)

    reportAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Ci Yuan opened on 20 September 2015 with a social enterprise as "managing agent and master tenant".

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4

  25. S.351 National Environment Agency. Allow local hawkers a decent livelihood while providing affordable food options (reply) (9 January 2020)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Centralised dishwashing at new centres from 1 January 2019, with co-funding.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  26. S.352 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Written reply to PQ on centralised dishwashing services (3 October 2022)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    16 of 111 centres; co-funding of 70%, 50% and 30% at existing centres.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  27. S.353 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Written reply to PQ on SEHCs (5 October 2021)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Median rents in 2019 and 2020: $2,000 at operator-run centres; $1,700 and $1,600 at comparable centres.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  28. S.354 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Written reply to PQ on F&B licensing cost and waivers (3 November 2021)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    SFA food stall licence $32 a year.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  29. S.355 Ministry of Manpower. Tripartite Cluster for Cleaners report (December 2016)

    reportAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Basis for the derived 2013 and 2019 cleaner's wages in Figure D.6.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  30. S.356 Institute of Policy Studies (Goh Zhang Hao, Leong Chan Hoong, Varian Lim). Makan Index 2017: an indicator for cost of eating out in Singapore, IPS Working Papers No. 29 (May 2018)

    academicAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Five items in 26 planning areas, 2,389 stalls, March–June 2017.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  31. S.357 Institute of Policy Studies (Teo Kay Key, Hanniel Lim, Mindy Chong). Commentary: Rising prices of hawker meals offer food for thought over deeper underlying issues (28 March 2023)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  32. S.358 Seth Lui. 8 unspoken problems that some Singapore hawkers face (July 2024)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Secondary; the only figure found for a centralised dishwashing fee (about $650 a month), unverified.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  33. S.359 Ministry of Trade and Industry. Minister Lim Hng Kiang's written reply on prices of hawker food and common household groceries (hawker-food CPI rates, 2010–14) (13 February 2015)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Official rates of 1.9% (2013) and 3.0% (2014), used for Figure D.6.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  34. S.360 Ministry of Trade and Industry. Written reply on increase in rent for food establishments (F&B rents outside hawker centres, 2000–2019) (1 August 2022)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    DOS: +7.4% a year in 2010–14, −2.6% in 2015–19; the reply does not say whether per unit or in total.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  35. S.361 Ministry of Trade and Industry. Written reply on rental costs: rent as a share of total business costs (1 August 2022)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Non-subsidised NEA cooked-food stalls: 12.5% (2019), 11.6% (2020).

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  36. S.362 Department of Statistics (via data.gov.sg). Food & Beverage Services Index (2017 = 100), at current prices, annual (5 February 2026)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Cafés, food courts and other eating places; excludes hawker stalls. Rebased to 2019 for Figure D.6b.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  37. S.363 Department of Statistics (via data.gov.sg). Food & Beverage Services Index (2017 = 100), in chained volume terms, annual (5 February 2026)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    The plates line of Figure D.6b; the implied deflator is current over volume (derived).

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  38. S.364 Department of Statistics. Retail Sales Index and Food & Beverage Services Index, March 2026 (2025 = 100) (5 May 2026)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  39. S.365 Department of Statistics. Retail Sales Index and Food & Beverage Services Index, April 2026 (2025 = 100) (5 June 2026)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  40. S.366 Department of Statistics. Retail Sales Index and Food & Beverage Services Index, May 2026 (2025 = 100) (6 July 2026)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  41. S.367 Department of Statistics. Rebasing of the Retail Sales and Food & Beverage Services Indices (2025 as base year), Statistics Singapore Newsletter, Issue 1, 2026 (March 2026)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Restaurants' weight rose from 41.2% (2017 base) to 47.3% (2025 base).

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  42. S.368 Ministry of Manpower. Median gross monthly income from work of full-time employed residents, 2015–2025 (2026)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    $3,949 (2015) to $5,775 (2025), +46%.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  43. S.369 National Environment Agency. NEA has put in place various measures to moderate hawker stall rents (reply to a Lianhe Zaobao reader) (14 August 2020)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  44. S.370 National Environment Agency. Mandatory for diners to return dirty trays, crockery and clean table litter at hawker centres, coffeeshops and food courts (14 May 2021)

    press-releaseAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4

  45. S.371 Asia News Network (republishing The Straits Times). Why should we bear the burden of budget meals and app discounts, some Singaporean hawkers ask (The Straits Times) (22 August 2025)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Secondary; stallholders' own account of a 10% app discount costing about $1,000 a month.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  46. S.372 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Written reply to PQ on budget meal options at hawker centres (3 February 2026)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4

  47. S.373 CEIC (secondary; SingStat's data). Singapore average retail prices (prepared food items), 2014–2024 (2025)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Secondary copy of SingStat's average prices; each 2014 value is the series' lowest month in 2014.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  48. S.374 Dollars and Sense (secondary; SingStat's data). Inflation Watch: things getting more expensive (Feb 2021 against Feb 2022 average prices) (March 2022)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Secondary.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  49. S.375 Vulcan Post (secondary; SingStat newsletter). Hawker food prices in Singapore in 2023 marks highest increase since 2008 (27 May 2024)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Secondary.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.5.4; the Technical Paper, G.8

  50. S.376 SP Group. Electricity tariff revision for the period 1 July to 30 September 2026 (July 2026)

    press-releaseAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    The base quarter for Follow the Plate, D.6's utilities shock. The Q4 2026 revision Follow the Plate, D.6 cites is now listed separately (spgroup-2026-q4-tariff-revision).

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.6

  51. S.378 Mothership. RTS Link delay explainer (October 2026)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Follow the Plate, D.6: RTS Link delayed to February 2027.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.6

  52. S.379 SP Group. Electricity tariff revision, 1 Oct–31 Dec 2026 (29 September 2026)

    press-releaseAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    The paper labels this the 1 Oct–31 Dec 2026 revision (29 Sep 2026), but the URL slug reads 1 July to 30 September 2027; check the link.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.6

  53. S.380 Malay Mail. Singapore households to get 10.4% electricity tariff cut from October (30 September 2026)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.6

  54. S.381 Institute of Policy Studies (reported by CNA). Study finds eating out cheapest in Toa Payoh, most expensive in Bishan; many stalls didn't raise prices after GST hike (13 March 2023)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Date from file name. The CNA report of the IPS Makan Index 2.0 (prices of late 2022, published 2023), referenced in Follow the Plate, D.8 and Method, Levers and Data, F.2.

    Used at Follow the Plate, D.8; Method, Levers and Data, F.2

  55. S.382 MSE. Socially-conscious enterprise hawker centres, oral reply (24 Sep 2025) (24 September 2025)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate

  56. S.383 National Environment Agency. August 2026 tender notice (August 2026)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate; the Technical Paper, G.8

  57. S.384 MOM. Progressive Wage Model: cleaning sector

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate; the Technical Paper, G.8

  58. S.385 MSE. Median rent for hawker stalls (5 Feb 2025) (5 February 2025)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate; the Technical Paper, G.8

  59. S.386 MSE. Tray returns (6 Jul 2021) (6 July 2021)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate

  60. S.387 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Written reply to parliamentary question on Hawker Centres Upgrading Programme 2.0 (26 September 2025)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate

  61. S.388 CPF Board. Employer CPF contribution rates from 1 January 2026

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate

  62. S.389 Community Development Councils. CDC Vouchers Scheme 2026 (June) media release (June 2026)

    press-releaseAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate

  63. S.390 Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth. Impact of CDC Vouchers (CDCV) on Singaporean households and small businesses (3 February 2026)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Possibly a parliamentary reply; the document type is not stated.

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate

  64. S.391 Singapore Department of Statistics. Consumer Price Index, December 2025 (December 2025)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate; the Technical Paper, G.8

  65. S.392 SingStat. Import and export price indices, August 2026 (2023 = 100)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate; the Technical Paper, G.8

  66. S.393 CCCS. Fresh chicken distributors penalised for price-fixing (12 Sep 2018) (12 September 2018)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate

  67. S.394 Vulcan Post. Grab's breakdown of merchant commission (17 Apr 2020) (17 April 2020)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate; the Technical Paper, G.8

  68. S.395 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Written reply to parliamentary question on NEA's Incubation Stall Programme (99 stalls allocated, 37 now full hawkers) (30 June 2025)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Date (30 Jun 2025) from the paper's link text.

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate; Succession Economics, E.1

  69. S.396 SingStat. Consumer Price Index, December 2024 (2019 = 100)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “The middlemen (D.5.3)”; the Technical Paper, G.8

  70. S.397 SingStat. Consumer Price Index, September 2026 (2024 = 100)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “The middlemen (D.5.3)”; the Technical Paper, G.8

  71. S.398 SingStat. Import and export price indices, December 2023 (2018 = 100)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “The middlemen (D.5.3)”; the Technical Paper, G.8

  72. S.399 MSE. Operating surplus of operator-run hawker centres (15 Oct 2024) (15 October 2024)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “The middlemen (D.5.3)”

  73. S.400 Kimly. Annual Report 2025

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “The middlemen (D.5.3)”

  74. S.401 Malay Mail, reporting CNA. HDB drops the mandatory budget-meal rule; to collect stall rents (10 Jan 2026) (10 January 2026)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “The middlemen (D.5.3)”; the Technical Paper, G.8

  75. S.402 Enterprise Singapore. Rice Stockpile Scheme

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “The middlemen (D.5.3)”

  76. S.403 Malay Mail, reporting TODAY. Wholesale vegetable prices surge after Malaysian floods (20 Dec 2019) (20 December 2019)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “The middlemen (D.5.3)”

  77. S.404 IRAS. Do I need to register for GST

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “The middlemen (D.5.3)”

  78. S.405 NCCS. Carbon tax

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “The middlemen (D.5.3)”; the Technical Paper, G.8

  79. S.406 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Written reply to parliamentary question on cost increases faced by hawkers (4 August 2026)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “Costs and prices”; the Technical Paper, G.8

  80. S.407 Klikit. Food delivery commission fees in Singapore: a guide (2026)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Industry source.

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “Costs and prices”

  81. S.408 Mothership. Electricity tariff up from July 2026 (30 Jun 2026) (30 June 2026)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “Costs and prices”

  82. S.409 MustShareNews. Electricity and gas tariffs fall in Q4 2026 (1 Oct 2026) (1 October 2026)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “Costs and prices”; the Technical Paper, G.8

  83. S.410 MAS and MTI. Consumer price developments in September 2026 (23 Oct 2026) (23 October 2026)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “Costs and prices”

  84. S.411 Secret Singapore. Hawker food prices to rise by up to $1 (14 Apr 2026) (14 April 2026)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “Costs and prices”

  85. S.412 The Star. Electricity tariff for Singapore households to fall by 10.4% in Q4 2026; Rystad Energy expects a single-digit rise in Q1 2027 (30 Sep 2026) (30 September 2026)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “Costs and prices”

  86. S.413 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Oral reply to PQ on hawker stall rentals (9 September 2024)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “Rents and landlords”

  87. S.414 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Written reply to PQ on rental rates for non-subsidised hawkers (5 February 2024)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “Rents and landlords”; the Technical Paper, G.8

  88. S.415 Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. Written reply to PQ on average annual operating cost for hawker centre

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “Rents and landlords”

  89. S.416 Kimly Limited (SGX filing). Kimly Limited FY2025 press release (2025)

    company-filingAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “Rents and landlords”; Method, Levers and Data, F.2.1

  90. S.417 Kimly Limited (SGX filing). Kimly Limited August 2026 corporate presentation (August 2026)

    company-filingAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “Rents and landlords”; Method, Levers and Data, F.2.1

  91. S.418 MSE. Hawker centre rents (18 Sep 2023) (18 September 2023)

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “Rents and landlords”; the Technical Paper, G.8

  92. S.419 Singapore Department of Statistics. Prevalence of e-payment, 2023 (2023)

    statisticsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “Diners and spending”

  93. S.420 Richards, T. J. & Mancino, L.. Demand for food away from home (2011)

    academicAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Restaurant-meal demand elasticities of −1.2 and below.

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “Diners and spending”; Method, Levers and Data, F.2, F.2.1

  94. S.421 Miranda Poh (Scholarly Review Journal, Fall 2026). Decoding the Consumers of Hawker Food (2026)

    academicAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    An early, indicative stated-preference estimate of diners' price response: an online survey of 90 Singaporeans recruited through social networks (not a random sample), November–December 2025. Elasticities (absolute values) of 2.81 at 18–24, 1.01 at 45–60 and 3.92 at 60 and over (9 respondents), and 2.09 on the lowest meal budgets against 1.1–1.2. Cited where the library says diners' price response is barely measured; no model parameter uses it. Local copy listed in sources/README.md.

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “Diners and spending”; Method, Levers and Data, F.2.1

  95. S.422 MOM. Advisory Committee on Platform Workers, Strengthening Protections for Platform Workers (17 Nov 2022), Fig. 1.1: median gross monthly income of full-time resident own-account workers by occupation, CLFS 2021 (17 November 2022)

    press-releaseAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “Income, rent paths, succession and licences (version 1.4)”

  96. S.423 CPF Board. Workfare Income Supplement

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “Public money”; Method, Levers and Data, F.2

  97. S.424 Mothership. Hawker food prices up 6.1% in 2023 and 5.7% in 2022 (SingStat) (May 2024)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Date read from the URL.

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “Public money”

  98. S.425 Dollars & Sense. Self-Employed Person Income Relief Scheme: $1,000 a month for nine months (2020) (2020)

    newsAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “Public money”

  99. S.426 MSE. Reply to the adjournment motion on the hawker industry: COVID relief (3 Aug 2021) (3 August 2021)

    parliamentary-replyAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “Public money”

  100. S.427 IRAS. Individual income tax rates, YA2024 onwards

    otherAccessed 2026-10-25/2026-10-26

    Used at the sources of Follow the Plate, under “Public money”

S.428–S.457 Series sources, from The Technical Paper

  1. S.428 Asia News Network. Singapore's hawker food prices rose by 6.1% in 2023, but cost pressures easing (The Straits Times) (May 2024)

    news

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: Asia News Network (secondary), Singapore's hawker food prices rose by 6.1% in 2023, but cost pressures easing (The Straits Times) (2024-05).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  2. S.429 AsiaOne. Fees at operator-run and existing hawker centres (table cleaning, S&CC, median rent) (19 November 2018)

    newsNo URL; supplied as a document

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: AsiaOne (secondary), Fees at operator-run and existing hawker centres (table cleaning, S&CC, median rent) (2018-11-19).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  3. S.430 CommercialGuru. Stallholders at new hawker centres to enjoy lower rents (ST reprint) (27 August 2019)

    news

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: CommercialGuru (secondary), Stallholders at new hawker centres to enjoy lower rents (ST reprint) (2019-08-27).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  4. S.431 IRAS. Current GST rates; registration threshold (2026)

    other

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: IRAS, Current GST rates; registration threshold (2026).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  5. S.432 Leader of the Opposition office. MND written answer on location of coffee shops and high transacted prices (Jamus Lim), as republished (5 July 2022)

    parliamentary-reply

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: Leader of the Opposition office (republishing MND answer), MND written answer on location of coffee shops and high transacted prices (Jamus Lim), as republished (2022-07-05).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  6. S.433 MOM. 41,000 food services workers to benefit from new Food Services PWM recommendations (15 February 2023)

    press-release

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: MOM, 41,000 food services workers to benefit from new Food Services PWM recommendations (2023-02-15).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  7. S.434 MOM. Annex B: Progressive Wage Model and TCC (PWM wage points) (2014)

    press-release

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: MOM, Annex B: Progressive Wage Model and TCC (PWM wage points) (2014).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  8. S.435 MOM. Food Services PWM infographic (2023) (February 2023)

    press-release

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: MOM, Food Services PWM infographic (2023) (2023-02).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  9. S.436 MOM. Progressive Wage Model for the food services sector (2026)

    other

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: MOM, Progressive Wage Model for the food services sector (2026).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  10. S.437 MSE. MSE written reply, 7 May 2024 ($1,600 median at comparable NEA-managed centres as at 31 Mar 2024) (7 May 2024)

    parliamentary-replyNo URL; supplied as a document

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: MSE, MSE written reply, 7 May 2024 ($1,600 median at comparable NEA-managed centres as at 31 Mar 2024) (2024-05-07).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  11. S.438 MSE. Oral reply to PQ on impact on hawkers' earnings and affordability (Leon Perera) (4 April 2022)

    parliamentary-reply

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: MSE, Oral reply to PQ on impact on hawkers' earnings and affordability (Leon Perera) (2022-04-04).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  12. S.439 MSE. Written reply to PQ on hawker stalls left empty in last three years (Joan Pereira) (1 August 2022)

    parliamentary-reply

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: MSE, Written reply to PQ on hawker stalls left empty in last three years (Joan Pereira) (2022-08-01).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  13. S.440 MSE. Written reply to PQ on hawkers exiting the trade (Leon Perera) (20 March 2023)

    parliamentary-reply

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: MSE, Written reply to PQ on hawkers exiting the trade (Leon Perera) (2023-03-20).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  14. S.441 MSE. Written reply to PQ on prolonged vacancies for hawker and/or wet market stalls (Kenneth Goh) (24 February 2026)

    parliamentary-reply

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: MSE, Written reply to PQ on prolonged vacancies for hawker and/or wet market stalls (Kenneth Goh) (2026-02-24).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  15. S.442 MTI. Examining the cost drivers of hawker food prices (Economic Survey feature, 1Q2015) (May 2015)

    report

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: MTI, Examining the cost drivers of hawker food prices (Economic Survey feature, 1Q2015) (2015-05).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  16. S.443 Mothership. Eating out at hawker centres, food courts & kopitiams 3 times a day costs about S$17: IPS study (14 March 2023)

    news

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: Mothership (secondary), Eating out at hawker centres, food courts & kopitiams 3 times a day costs about S$17: IPS study (2023-03-14).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  17. S.444 MustShareNews. Toa Payoh is cheapest place to dine out, Bishan most expensive: IPS study (March 2023)

    news

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: MustShareNews (secondary), Toa Payoh is cheapest place to dine out, Bishan most expensive: IPS study (2023-03).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  18. S.445 MustShareNews. The inflation impact in S'pore as measured by a plate of chicken rice (October 2022)

    news

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: MustShareNews (secondary; SingStat), The inflation impact in S'pore as measured by a plate of chicken rice (2022-10).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  19. S.446 NEA. Tender bids for hawker stalls from January 2019 to May 2026 (June 2026)

    other

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: NEA, Tender bids for hawker stalls from January 2019 to May 2026 (2026-06).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  20. S.447 NTUC. Industries covered under PWM see steady wage growth: MOM report (25 June 2024)

    other

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: NTUC (secondary; MOM Wage Practices 2023), Industries covered under PWM see steady wage growth: MOM report (2024-06-25).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  21. S.448 NUS BIZBeat. Hawker food prices rose by 6.1% in 2023, but cost pressures easing (reproduced from The Straits Times) (27 May 2024)

    news

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: NUS BIZBeat (secondary), Hawker food prices rose by 6.1% in 2023, but cost pressures easing (reproduced from The Straits Times) (2024-05-27).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  22. S.449 SingStat e-book. Food Establishments: licensed food establishments 2017-2024 (SFA) (2025)

    statistics

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: SingStat e-book (SFA data), Food Establishments: licensed food establishments 2017-2024 (SFA) (2025).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  23. S.450 SingStat via data.gov.sg. Details Of Operating Expenditure For All Services Industries, Annual (2010-2024), TS/M601501 (2026)

    statistics

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: SingStat via data.gov.sg, Details Of Operating Expenditure For All Services Industries, Annual (2010-2024), TS/M601501 (2026).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  24. S.451 SingStat via data.gov.sg. Online Food & Beverage Sales Proportion, Monthly (Jan 2019-Dec 2025) (2026)

    statistics

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: SingStat via data.gov.sg, Online Food & Beverage Sales Proportion, Monthly (Jan 2019-Dec 2025) (2026).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  25. S.452 SingStat. CPI for household income groups, 2H2019 (2014=100): food +1.4% 2018, +1.5% 2019 (2020)

    statistics

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: SingStat, CPI for household income groups, 2H2019 (2014=100): food +1.4% 2018, +1.5% 2019 (2020).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  26. S.453 SingStat. Consumer Price Index, January 2020 (2019=100), Table 2A (February 2020)

    statistics

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: SingStat, Consumer Price Index, January 2020 (2019=100), Table 2A (2020-02).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  27. S.455 The Online Citizen. Jurong West Hawker Centre centralised cleaning charge (November 2018)

    newsNo URL; supplied as a document

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: The Online Citizen (secondary), Jurong West Hawker Centre centralised cleaning charge (2018-11).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  28. S.456 The Online Citizen. NEA revises rental renewal policy for hawkers to discourage excessively high tender bids (4 November 2024)

    news

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: The Online Citizen (secondary; Dr Koh Poh Koon's figures), NEA revises rental renewal policy for hawkers to discourage excessively high tender bids (2024-11-04).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

  29. S.457 The Straits Times. Prata is cheaper in the west while kopi is cheaper in central S'pore: IPS study (Goh Yan Han) (15 March 2023)

    news

    As data/curated/series.csv names it: The Straits Times (secondary; IPS clipping), Prata is cheaper in the west while kopi is cheaper in central S'pore: IPS study (Goh Yan Han) (2023-03-15).

    Used at the Technical Paper, G.8

This is a working paper for public discussion. Every number in it is an invitation to improve it. Corrections and better data are welcome.