Skip to content
Silicon Wok Hawker Heritage
Menu
Contents

SOURCESSources for the Series

The 95 sources behind data/curated/series.csv (G.8), in short: body, title and date. The number beside each leads to its full entry, with its web address, in Sources, the library's list of references. A series with no outside source (our arithmetic, an assumption, or a figure we could not reach) says so in the file's own source column. The models' own sources are named beside each parameter in G.1.

  1. S.6 MSE. Response to Motion on Hawker Culture — Dr Koh Poh Koon (13 Nov 2024). G.8.
  2. S.15 MSE. Written reply to parliamentary question on hawker stall subletting and Hawker Succession Scheme (22 Sep 2025). G.8.
  3. S.36 NEA. Singapore Rental Policy for Stalls in Hawker Centres and Wet Markets (NEA rental policy summary, via WIEGO) (Sep 2019). G.8.
  4. S.40 MSE. Oral reply to PQs on hawker stall rental (14 Oct 2024). G.8.
  5. S.43 NEA. December 2022 tender notice (Dec 2022). G.8.
  6. S.44 NEA. August 2024 tender notice (Aug 2024). G.8.
  7. S.51 NEA. New measures to deter high bids for hawker stalls (4 Nov 2024). G.8.
  8. S.67 NEA. Support for stallholders (rent support) (Jul 2026). G.8.
  9. S.199 Office of the Leader of the Opposition. Office of the Leader of the Opposition, reproducing MSE's written reply on the Hawkers' Development Programme (Louis Chua), 2 Jul 2024 (566, 120, 29 and 16). G.8.
  10. S.269 MSE. Written reply to PQ on hawker programmes (median hawker age). G.8.
  11. S.293 Enterprise Singapore. Government subsidy under Hawkers Go Digital programme extended for another year (Oct 2024). G.8.
  12. S.294 MSE. Rents and fees, 2025 medians (MSE written reply, 8 Sep 2026). G.8.
  13. S.301 Grab. GrabFood merchant sign-up: service fee (28 Oct 2026). G.8.
  14. S.325 Ministry of National Development. Data on HDB coffee shops tenanted to F&B chains and to independent operators (written answer, via the Office of the Leader of the Opposition) (8 May 2024). G.8.
  15. S.326 Singapore Department of Statistics. Household Expenditure Survey 2023. G.8.
  16. S.327 Singapore Department of Statistics. Food & beverage services infographic. G.8.
  17. S.329 Mothership. July 2026 rental support for hawkers (Jul 2026). G.8.
  18. S.338 Ministry of Trade and Industry. Written reply comparing rental costs with revenue and gross operating surplus in retail and F&B, 2019–2024 (7 Apr 2026). G.8.
  19. S.340 MSE. Oral reply to PQ on support for stallholders at market and food centres (LTVP assistants from January 2025) (18 Feb 2025). G.8.
  20. S.341 MOM. Recommendations on the Food Services PWM, 2026–2028 (16 Mar 2026). G.8.
  21. S.343 SingStat. Rebasing of the Consumer Price Index (2019 as base year) (Feb 2020). G.8.
  22. S.344 SingStat. Import and export price indices, April 2018 (2012 = 100) (May 2018). G.8.
  23. S.345 SingStat. Import and export price indices, November 2019 (2018 = 100) (Dec 2019). G.8.
  24. S.346 Energy Market Authority. Annual electricity tariffs by component (low tension), 2005–2022. G.8.
  25. S.347 SP Group. Tariff information: electricity and gas, 1 Oct–31 Dec 2026 (Oct 2026). G.8.
  26. S.348 Sunollo. Singapore electricity price tracker (quarterly tariffs 2022–2026). G.8.
  27. S.349 NEA. Revision to service and conservancy charges for MSE-owned markets and hawker centres (3 Jun 2023). G.8.
  28. S.351 NEA. Allow local hawkers a decent livelihood while providing affordable food options (reply) (9 Jan 2020). G.8.
  29. S.352 MSE. Written reply to PQ on centralised dishwashing services (3 Oct 2022). G.8.
  30. S.353 MSE. Written reply to PQ on SEHCs (5 Oct 2021). G.8.
  31. S.354 MSE. Written reply to PQ on F&B licensing cost and waivers (3 Nov 2021). G.8.
  32. S.355 MOM. Tripartite Cluster for Cleaners report (Dec 2016). G.8.
  33. S.356 Institute of Policy Studies (Goh Zhang Hao, Leong Chan Hoong, Varian Lim). Makan Index 2017: an indicator for cost of eating out in Singapore, IPS Working Papers No. 29 (May 2018). G.8.
  34. S.357 Institute of Policy Studies (Teo Kay Key, Hanniel Lim, Mindy Chong). Commentary: Rising prices of hawker meals offer food for thought over deeper underlying issues (28 Mar 2023). G.8.
  35. S.358 Seth Lui. 8 unspoken problems that some Singapore hawkers face (Jul 2024). G.8.
  36. S.359 Ministry of Trade and Industry. Minister Lim Hng Kiang's written reply on prices of hawker food and common household groceries (hawker-food CPI rates, 2010–14) (13 Feb 2015). G.8.
  37. S.360 Ministry of Trade and Industry. Written reply on increase in rent for food establishments (F&B rents outside hawker centres, 2000–2019) (1 Aug 2022). G.8.
  38. S.361 Ministry of Trade and Industry. Written reply on rental costs: rent as a share of total business costs (1 Aug 2022). G.8.
  39. S.362 Department of Statistics (via data.gov.sg). Food & Beverage Services Index (2017 = 100), at current prices, annual (5 Feb 2026). G.8.
  40. S.363 Department of Statistics (via data.gov.sg). Food & Beverage Services Index (2017 = 100), in chained volume terms, annual (5 Feb 2026). G.8.
  41. S.364 Department of Statistics. Retail Sales Index and Food & Beverage Services Index, March 2026 (2025 = 100) (5 May 2026). G.8.
  42. S.365 Department of Statistics. Retail Sales Index and Food & Beverage Services Index, April 2026 (2025 = 100) (5 Jun 2026). G.8.
  43. S.366 Department of Statistics. Retail Sales Index and Food & Beverage Services Index, May 2026 (2025 = 100) (6 Jul 2026). G.8.
  44. S.367 Department of Statistics. Rebasing of the Retail Sales and Food & Beverage Services Indices (2025 as base year), Statistics Singapore Newsletter, Issue 1, 2026 (Mar 2026). G.8.
  45. S.368 MOM. Median gross monthly income from work of full-time employed residents, 2015–2025 (2026). G.8.
  46. S.369 NEA. NEA has put in place various measures to moderate hawker stall rents (reply to a Lianhe Zaobao reader) (14 Aug 2020). G.8.
  47. S.371 Asia News Network (republishing The Straits Times). Why should we bear the burden of budget meals and app discounts, some Singaporean hawkers ask (The Straits Times) (22 Aug 2025). G.8.
  48. S.373 CEIC (secondary; SingStat's data). Singapore average retail prices (prepared food items), 2014–2024 (2025). G.8.
  49. S.374 Dollars and Sense (secondary; SingStat's data). Inflation Watch: things getting more expensive (Feb 2021 against Feb 2022 average prices) (Mar 2022). G.8.
  50. S.375 Vulcan Post (secondary; SingStat newsletter). Hawker food prices in Singapore in 2023 marks highest increase since 2008 (27 May 2024). G.8.
  51. S.383 NEA. August 2026 tender notice (Aug 2026). G.8.
  52. S.384 MOM. Progressive Wage Model: cleaning sector. G.8.
  53. S.385 MSE. Median rent for hawker stalls (5 Feb 2025). G.8.
  54. S.391 Singapore Department of Statistics. Consumer Price Index, December 2025 (Dec 2025). G.8.
  55. S.392 SingStat. Import and export price indices, August 2026 (2023 = 100). G.8.
  56. S.394 Vulcan Post. Grab's breakdown of merchant commission (17 Apr 2020). G.8.
  57. S.396 SingStat. Consumer Price Index, December 2024 (2019 = 100). G.8.
  58. S.397 SingStat. Consumer Price Index, September 2026 (2024 = 100). G.8.
  59. S.398 SingStat. Import and export price indices, December 2023 (2018 = 100). G.8.
  60. S.401 Malay Mail, reporting CNA. HDB drops the mandatory budget-meal rule; to collect stall rents (10 Jan 2026). G.8.
  61. S.405 NCCS. Carbon tax. G.8.
  62. S.406 MSE. Written reply to parliamentary question on cost increases faced by hawkers (4 Aug 2026). G.8.
  63. S.409 MustShareNews. Electricity and gas tariffs fall in Q4 2026 (1 Oct 2026). G.8.
  64. S.414 MSE. Written reply to PQ on rental rates for non-subsidised hawkers (5 Feb 2024). G.8.
  65. S.418 MSE. Hawker centre rents (18 Sep 2023). G.8.
  66. S.428 Asia News Network. Singapore's hawker food prices rose by 6.1% in 2023, but cost pressures easing (The Straits Times) (May 2024). G.8.
  67. S.429 AsiaOne. Fees at operator-run and existing hawker centres (table cleaning, S&CC, median rent) (19 Nov 2018). G.8.
  68. S.430 CommercialGuru. Stallholders at new hawker centres to enjoy lower rents (ST reprint) (27 Aug 2019). G.8.
  69. S.431 IRAS. Current GST rates; registration threshold (2026). G.8.
  70. S.432 Leader of the Opposition office. MND written answer on location of coffee shops and high transacted prices (Jamus Lim), as republished (5 Jul 2022). G.8.
  71. S.433 MOM. 41,000 food services workers to benefit from new Food Services PWM recommendations (15 Feb 2023). G.8.
  72. S.434 MOM. Annex B: Progressive Wage Model and TCC (PWM wage points) (2014). G.8.
  73. S.435 MOM. Food Services PWM infographic (2023) (Feb 2023). G.8.
  74. S.436 MOM. Progressive Wage Model for the food services sector (2026). G.8.
  75. S.437 MSE. MSE written reply, 7 May 2024 ($1,600 median at comparable NEA-managed centres as at 31 Mar 2024). G.8.
  76. S.438 MSE. Oral reply to PQ on impact on hawkers' earnings and affordability (Leon Perera) (4 Apr 2022). G.8.
  77. S.439 MSE. Written reply to PQ on hawker stalls left empty in last three years (Joan Pereira) (1 Aug 2022). G.8.
  78. S.440 MSE. Written reply to PQ on hawkers exiting the trade (Leon Perera) (20 Mar 2023). G.8.
  79. S.441 MSE. Written reply to PQ on prolonged vacancies for hawker and/or wet market stalls (Kenneth Goh) (24 Feb 2026). G.8.
  80. S.442 MTI. Examining the cost drivers of hawker food prices (Economic Survey feature, 1Q2015) (May 2015). G.8.
  81. S.443 Mothership. Eating out at hawker centres, food courts & kopitiams 3 times a day costs about S$17: IPS study (14 Mar 2023). G.8.
  82. S.444 MustShareNews. Toa Payoh is cheapest place to dine out, Bishan most expensive: IPS study (Mar 2023). G.8.
  83. S.445 MustShareNews. The inflation impact in S'pore as measured by a plate of chicken rice (Oct 2022). G.8.
  84. S.446 NEA. Tender bids for hawker stalls from January 2019 to May 2026 (Jun 2026). G.8.
  85. S.447 NTUC. Industries covered under PWM see steady wage growth: MOM report (25 Jun 2024). G.8.
  86. S.448 NUS BIZBeat. Hawker food prices rose by 6.1% in 2023, but cost pressures easing (reproduced from The Straits Times) (27 May 2024). G.8.
  87. S.449 SingStat e-book. Food Establishments: licensed food establishments 2017-2024 (SFA) (2025). G.8.
  88. S.450 SingStat via data.gov.sg. Details Of Operating Expenditure For All Services Industries, Annual (2010-2024), TS/M601501 (2026). G.8.
  89. S.451 SingStat via data.gov.sg. Online Food & Beverage Sales Proportion, Monthly (Jan 2019-Dec 2025) (2026). G.8.
  90. S.452 SingStat. CPI for household income groups, 2H2019 (2014=100): food +1.4% 2018, +1.5% 2019 (2020). G.8.
  91. S.453 SingStat. Consumer Price Index, January 2020 (2019=100), Table 2A (Feb 2020). G.8.
  92. S.454 SingStat. Hawker Food Price Trends Across Cooked Food Establishment Types (2019 as Base Year), Statistics Singapore Newsletter Issue 1 2024 (6 May 2024). G.8.
  93. S.455 The Online Citizen. Jurong West Hawker Centre centralised cleaning charge (Nov 2018). G.8.
  94. S.456 The Online Citizen. NEA revises rental renewal policy for hawkers to discourage excessively high tender bids (4 Nov 2024). G.8.
  95. S.457 The Straits Times. Prata is cheaper in the west while kopi is cheaper in central S'pore: IPS study (Goh Yan Han) (15 Mar 2023). G.8.

This is a working paper for public discussion. Every number in it is an invitation to improve it. Corrections and better data are welcome.