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D.10Price Freedom & Makan Vouchers

D.10 Price Freedom & Makan Vouchers: table 1
DialsThe size of the yearly round of vouchers: about $66M, a rough figure that can be raised or lowered (the Budget Book, B.7). Which stalls are freed to price: certified heritage stalls (D.15; D.7.1).
What it doesA 5% price rise adds $7,205 a year to the hawker household and costs diners $10,345; the $3,140 gap is customers who stop coming, and tax. It costs the state nothing, which is why it needs the vouchers beside it (D.7.1).
What breaks firstThe diner assumption. Singapore has one early estimate of how diners react to hawker prices: a survey of 90 diners, not chosen at random, who said what they would do (Poh, 2026). It finds diners more sensitive than the model does, especially the youngest, the oldest and those on small meal budgets. The model keeps its own assumption, that a 10% price rise cuts custom by 5% (an elasticity of −0.5), and varies it from −0.3 to −1.0 (Method, Levers and Data, F.2.1). Mall food courts do not take CDC vouchers, so their diners bear the rise with no voucher (D.7.1).
FallbackThe vouchers are a regular item in the existing CDC voucher system, so each Budget can raise or lower them without building anything new (the Budget Book, B.7).

This is a working paper for public discussion. Every number in it is an invitation to improve it. Corrections and better data are welcome.